ENSO indices from sea surface salinity observed by Aquarius and Argo

Qu, Tangdong; Yu, Jin‐Yi

doi:10.1007/s10872-014-0238-4

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Figure 6b shows the global averages of regional temporal STD values of Aquarius SSS with respect to Argo-SIO SSS for various spatial scales. The difference between Figure 6a [4,21], Madden-Julian Oscillation [22,23], El Niño-Southern Oscillation [24], and Indian Ocean Dipole [25]. It is noteworthy that the global average STD value for non-seasonal SSS anomalies is less than 0.1 psu for 1 • × 1 • scale and 0.04 psu for 10 • × 10 • scale.…”

Section: Quantification Of the Time-mean Seasonal And Non-seasonal mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Figure 6c,d shows the global average of STD values for composite seasonal anomalies and nonseasonal anomalies (referenced to the composite seasonal cycle) of the SSS differences between Aquarius and Argo-SIO. The non-seasonal anomalies are associated with the differences between Aquarius and Argo-SIO in representing non-seasonal signals associated with phenomena such as tropical instability waves [4,21], Madden-Julian Oscillation [22,23], El Niño-Southern Oscillation [24], and Indian Ocean Dipole [25]. It is noteworthy that the global average STD value for non-seasonal SSS anomalies is less than 0.1 psu for 1° × 1° scale and 0.04 psu for 10° × 10° scale.…”

Section: Quantification Of the Time-mean Seasonal And Non-seasonal mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Aquarius was the first NASA satellite to observe the sea surface salinity (SSS) over the global ocean. The mission successfully collected data from 25 August 2011 to 7 June 2015. The Aquarius project released its final version (Version-5) of the SSS data product in December 2017. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the validation results from the Aquarius Validation Data System (AVDS) and other statistical methods, and to provide a general view of the Aquarius SSS quality to the users. The results demonstrate that Aquarius has met the mission target measurement accuracy requirement of 0.2 psu on monthly averages on 150 km scale. From the triple point analysis using Aquarius, in situ field and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) products, the root mean square errors of Aquarius Level-2 and Level-3 data are estimated to be 0.17 psu and 0.13 psu, respectively. It is important that caution should be exercised when using Aquarius salinity data in areas with high radio frequency interference (RFI) and heavy rainfall, close to the coast lines where leakage of land signals may significantly affect the quality of the SSS data, and at high-latitude oceans where the L-band radiometer has poor sensitivity to SSS.

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Section: Quantification Of the Time-mean Seasonal And Non-seasonal mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Quantification Of the Time-mean Seasonal And Non-seasonal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity

et al. 2018

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“…With this method, temperature anomalies for the top 100 m of the ocean are averaged over the eastern and central equatorial Pacific to construct EP and CP indices, respectively. f) Sea surface salinity (SSS) index method (Singh et al 2011;Qu and Yu 2014): SSS anomaly distributions differ among different El Niño events. SSS indices were defined utilizing these differences in the western-to-central equatorial Pacific (Singh et al 2011) and in the southeastern Pacific (Qu and Yu 2014) to distinguish El Niño types.…”

Section: B) El Niño Modoki Index (Emi) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…f) Sea surface salinity (SSS) index method (Singh et al 2011;Qu and Yu 2014): SSS anomaly distributions differ among different El Niño events. SSS indices were defined utilizing these differences in the western-to-central equatorial Pacific (Singh et al 2011) and in the southeastern Pacific (Qu and Yu 2014) to distinguish El Niño types. g) Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) index method (Chiodi and Harrison 2013): An index was constructed using OLR anomalies over the eastern-to-central equatorial Pacific, to separate events into El Niños characterized by an OLR signal and those without an OLR signal.…”

Section: B) El Niño Modoki Index (Emi) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding ENSO Diversity

Capotondi

Wittenberg

Newman

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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879

710

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International audienceEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO’s impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions

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“…W) to the dateline, hereafter referred to as the Wyrtki box [32]. The cold tongue is also characterized by surface waters with the greatest density in the equatorial zone, typically more than 22.5 kg/m 3 , that marks the eastern limit of the western Pacific warm pool [15,22,23]. Figure 1b displays the correponding SSS field derived from the SMOS observations and averaged over the same period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The salinity signature of the equatorial Pacific cold tongue as revealed by the satellite SMOS mission

et al. 2014

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The space-borne measurements of the SMOS mission reveal for the first time the complete features of the sea surface salinity (SSS) signature at the full scale of the Pacific basin. The SSS field in the equatorial cold tongue is typically found to be larger than 35.1 within a narrow 2? band of latitude that is positioned slightly south of the equator and that stretches across the eastern Pacific basin up to the Galapagos Islands. On the northern edge of the eastern equatorial Pacific this signature results in a very strong horizontal gradient (larger than 2 units over 100 km) with the fresh waters of the Panama warm pool. By considering a water density criterion, it can be shown that the cold tongue is characterized by a strong seasonal cycle with a 3? C amplitude in SST where the warm season of February-March contrasts with the cold period extending from September to November. If the present ocean reanalyzes are able to capture these features, then the assimilation of the SMOS data becomes a worthwhile objective in order to depict more accurately the salinity signature of the cold tongue of the tropical Pacific.

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ENSO indices from sea surface salinity observed by Aquarius and Argo

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

Assessment of Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity

Assessment of Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity

Understanding ENSO Diversity

The salinity signature of the equatorial Pacific cold tongue as revealed by the satellite SMOS mission

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