ENSO influence on the interannual variability of the Red Sea convergence zone and associated rainfall

Dasari, Hari Prasad; Langodan, Sabique; Viswanadhapalli, Yesubabu; Vadlamudi, Brahmananda R.; Papadopoulos, Vassilis P.; Hoteit, Ibrahim

doi:10.1002/joc.5208

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The surface wind anomalies in the southern Red Sea associated with El Niño are counter to the mean local wind field, and thus serve to reduce surface heat fluxes and warm SST. This result is quite the opposite of that found by Dasari et al (2017), who found an increase in the southeasterly wind over the southern Red Sea for a composite El Niño event. However, there are a number of important differences in the methods and data sets used, particularly a focus on a different season as the present analysis.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceanscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…They found that heat fluxes in the northern Red Sea appeared to be modulated by the NAO, East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) pattern and Indian Monsoon Index (IMI), especially during winter and that ENSO was most influential in the southern Red Sea (Abualnaja et al, ). Raitsos et al () and Dasari et al () examined the influence of ENSO on the low‐level wind field in the Red Sea region with attention to the so‐called Red Sea Convergence Zone (RSCZ) and Red Sea Trough (RST), showing that ENSO modulates the position of the RSCZ/RST system with an accompanying adjustment of the scale of the winds blowing along the major axis of the Red Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Red Sea From 35 Years of Satellite and In Situ Observations

Karnauskas

Jones

2018

JGR Oceans

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Falling between the dynamics of the seasonal cycle and expressions of longer‐term trends, the interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Red Sea has not received enough attention. With multiple decades of satellite SST observations with spatial resolution capable of resolving patterns of variability within the Red Sea, the time has come for a description and diagnosis of the observed interannual variability of SST in this important semienclosed sea. While interannual variability of SST occurs throughout the Red Sea in both summer and winter, the greatest variability is found in the northern Red Sea during winter. Objective analysis reveals two dominant statistical modes of interannual variability of Red Sea SST: a whole‐sea mode described by general warm or cool anomalies throughout the Red Sea (∼60% of total variance), and a meridional gradient mode of opposing SST anomalies in the northern and southern Red Sea (∼20% of total variance). The warm phase of the whole‐sea mode corresponds to warm surface air temperature anomalies extending across the broader region and local surface wind anomalies opposite to the mean low‐level circulation. The whole‐sea mode is found to be a regional response to remote forcing by the East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) pattern. The gradient mode, on the other hand, is a manifestation of superimposing (and statistically independent) remote impacts of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) whereby ENSO drives SST anomalies in the southern Red Sea and the NAO drives SST anomalies in the northern Red Sea.

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Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceanscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Red Sea From 35 Years of Satellite and In Situ Observations

Karnauskas

Jones

2018

JGR Oceans

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“…Wind forcing strongly influences the Red Sea circulation [Patzert, 1974;Quadfasel and Baudner, 1993;Clifford et al, 1997;Eshel and Naik, 1997;Sofianos and Johns, 2003;Yao et al, 2014aYao et al, ,2014b. During winter when winds in the southern half of the Red Sea are southerly, the location of the convergence zone between northerlies and southerlies in the central Red Sea plays a crucial role in the forcing of Red Sea circulation and waves [Langodan et al, 2015;Dasari et al, 2017]. Although northwest winds prevail over our study throughout the year, southeast winds are dominant in the southern Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans…”

Section: The Winter-summer Shift In the Crsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Physical and biological characteristics of the winter‐summer transition in the Central Red Sea

et al. 2017

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The Central Red Sea (CRS) lies between two distinct hydrographic and atmospheric regimes. In the southern Red Sea, seasonal monsoon reversal regulates the exchange of water between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. In the northern Red Sea, intermediate and occasionally deep water are formed during winter to sustain the basin's overturning circulation. Highly variable mesoscale eddies and the northward flowing eastern boundary current (EBC) determine the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the CRS. Ship‐based and glider observations in the CRS between March and June 2013 capture key features of the transition from winter to summer and depict the impact of the eddy activity on the EBC flow. Less saline and relatively warmer water of Indian Ocean origin reaches the CRS via the EBC. Initially, an anticyclonic eddy with diameter of 140 km penetrating to 150m depth with maximum velocities up to 30–35 cm s−1 prevails in the CRS. This anticyclonic eddy appears to block or at least redirect the northward flow of the EBC. Dissipation of the eddy permits the near‐coastal, northward flow of the EBC and gives place to a smaller cyclonic eddy with a diameter of about 50 km penetrating to 200 m depth. By the end of May, as the northerly winds become stronger and persistent throughout the basin, characteristic of the summer southwest monsoon wind regime, the EBC, and its associated lower salinity water became less evident, replaced by the saltier surface water that characterizes the onset of the summer stratification in the CRS.

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“…Dasari et al . () also found an impact of the ENSO on the interannual variability of the Red Sea convergence zone and associated rainfall, denoting an increase of southeasterly winds (20–30%) over the southern Red Sea and a decrease of northwesterly winds (10–15%) over the northern Red Sea under El Niño phases. Trends shown by atmospheric circulation modes might be associated with the observed trends in wind speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Recent trends in wind speed across Saudi Arabia, 1978–2013: a break in the stilling

Azorín-Molina

Rehman

Guijarro

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:We analyse recent trends and variability of observed near-surface wind speed from 19 stations across Saudi Arabia (SA) for . The raw wind speed data set was subject to a robust homogenization protocol, and the stations were then classified under three categories: (1) coast, (2) inland and (3) mountain stations. The results reveal a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of wind speed of −0.058 m s −1 dec −1 at annual scale across SA, with decreases in winter (−0.100 m s −1 dec −1 ) and spring (−0.066 m s −1 dec −1 ) also detected, being non-significant in summer and autumn. The coast, inland and mountain series showed similar magnitude and significance of the declining trends across all SA series, except for summer when a decoupled variability and opposite trends of wind speed between the coast and inland series (significant declines: −0.101 m s −1 dec −1 and −0.065 m s −1 dec −1 , respectively) and the high-elevation mountain series (significant increase: +0.041 m s −1 dec −1 ) were observed. Even though wind speed declines dominated across much of the country throughout the year, only a small number of stations showed statistically significant negative trends in summer and autumn. Most interestingly, a break in the stilling was observed in the last 12-year (2002-2013) period (+0.057 m s −1 dec −1 ; not significant) compared to the significant slowdown detected in the previous 24-year period (−0.089 m s −1 dec −1 ). This break in the slowdown of winds, even followed by a non-significant recovery trend, occurred in all seasons (and months) except for some winter months. Atmospheric circulation plays a key role in explaining the variability of winds, with the North Atlantic Oscillation positively affecting the annual wind speed, the Southern Oscillation displaying a significant negative relationship with winds in winter, spring and autumn, and the Eastern Atlantic negatively modulating winds in summer.

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ENSO influence on the interannual variability of the Red Sea convergence zone and associated rainfall

Cited by 54 publications

References 51 publications

The Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Red Sea From 35 Years of Satellite and In Situ Observations

The Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Red Sea From 35 Years of Satellite and In Situ Observations

Physical and biological characteristics of the winter‐summer transition in the Central Red Sea

Recent trends in wind speed across Saudi Arabia, 1978–2013: a break in the stilling

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