Ensuring Efficient and Robust Offshore Storage – The Role of Marine System Modelling

Blackford, Jerry; Alendal, Guttorm; Artioli, Yuri; Avlesen, Helge; Cazenave, Pierre; Chen, Baixin; Dale, Andy W.; Dewar, Marius; García-Ibáñez, Maribel I.; Gros, Jonas; Gundersen, Kristian; Haeckel, Matthias; Khajepor, Sorush; Lessin, Gennadi; Oleynik, Anna; Omar, Abdirahman M; Saleem, Umer

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3365821

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The lack of sufficient observational data both on a temporal and spatial scale implies that models have a significant role to play in the context of marine GCS monitoring [14,59]. While the marine environment has been studied for decades, it remains poorly described if we consider only the available observational data.…”

Section: The Role Of Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensors must have sufficient sensitivity and be placed at an appropriate distance to detect an anomaly related to relevant leakage scenarios as identified during the risk assessment. Modeled predictions of leakage footprint may also be used to optimize the placement of stationary monitoring platforms as well as the travel path of an AUV [59,61].…”

Section: The Role Of Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Monitoring for Offshore Geological Carbon Storage—A Review of Strategies, Technologies and Trends

et al. 2021

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) could significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reaching international climate goals. In this process, CO2 is captured and injected into geological formations for permanent storage. The injected plume and its migration within the reservoir is carefully monitored, using geophysical methods. While it is considered unlikely that the injected CO2 should escape the reservoir and reach the marine environment, marine monitoring is required to verify that there are no indications of leakage, and to detect and quantify leakage if it should occur. Marine monitoring is challenging because of the considerable area to be covered, the limited spatial and temporal extent of a potential leakage event, and the considerable natural variability in the marine environment. In this review, we summarize marine monitoring strategies developed to ensure adequate monitoring of the marine environment without introducing prohibitive costs. We also provide an overview of the many different technologies applicable to different aspects of marine monitoring of geologically stored carbon. Finally, we identify remaining knowledge gaps and indicate expected directions for future research.

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Section: The Role Of Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Monitoring for Offshore Geological Carbon Storage—A Review of Strategies, Technologies and Trends

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to ensure the effective environmental monitoring of offshore CCS storage sites, the Strategies for Environmental Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage (STEMM-CCS) project was launched in 2016 (Blackford et al, 2018), following previous field experiments QICS (Taylor et al, 2015) and ECO2 (Furre et al, 2017). STEMM-CCS is a scientific research project to simulate a sub-seafloor CO 2 leak under real-life conditions in the North Sea (Blackford et al, 2018). One of the primary objectives of the project is to produce experimental data for the development and calibration of numerical models to simulate the leakage dynamics of CO 2 out of the geoformations with the knowledge of dispersion time, pathways through faults and high permeable zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of CO2 migration in heterogeneous sediments and leakage scenario for STEMM-CCS field experiments

Saleem

Dewar

Chaudhary

et al. 2021

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Integrated Monitoring Approach for Offshore Geological CO2 Storage

Park¹,

Blomberg²,

Waarum³

et al. 2019

Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019

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Measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) are vital to ensure the conformance and containment of geological carbon storage (GCS). This requires cost-efficient and multidisciplinary approaches. To investigate this challenge in an offshore environment, we have studied and tested different monitoring approaches, covering seismic, electromagnetic, micro-seismic, active and passive sonar, and chemical sensing methods. The studies in the manuscript are based on laboratory- and field-scale tests. The data of our current interest are various as mentioned above, and for both deep- and shallow-focused monitoring. We measured laboratory geophysical data in the scenario of CO2 flowing through a fracture in a sandstone core sample (De Geerdalen Formation, Svalbard, Norway) to see the possibility of detecting leakage. The field-scale feasibility was also demonstrated through a synthetic modeling study. Laboratory acoustic emission tests were performed with North-Sea relevant rock samples to evaluate the micro-seismic applicability to offshore GCS monitoring. Acoustic and chemical sensor technologies are considered essential for marine monitoring of the seabed and water column, but knowledge and documentation on how to optimally use and combine these technologies is scarce. During a recent controlled CO2 release experiment, we have investigated the performance of different acoustic and chemical technologies for application to GCS monitoring. By quantifying the capabilities and limitations of different acoustic and chemical technologies, we aim to provide operators with the knowledge needed to maximize monitoring performance while minimizing the number of sensors and costly operations. First, it was learned through a laboratory rock physical test that electromagnetic signal is relatively sensitive to CO2 flow through fracture (and potentially faults as well) compared to seismic. The acoustic emission tests showed that reservoir sandstone core samples are subjected to induced seismicity, whereas the cap-rock or shale are rather quiet during these tests. To be conclusive, more tests and data analysis are required. Nevertheless, the up to date result indicates that detection of leakage in shale only via micro-seismic might be challenging. Initial results from the cotrolled experiments releasing CO2 to the water column indicate that a small amount of CO2 in gas phase may be detected from a large distance (100s of meters) using a broadband echo sounder. Passive acoustic detection of a small leak (1.15 l/min) was feasible from a distance of 10m. A plume of dissolved CO2 was detectable using chemical CO2 and pH sensors placed 4-10 m from the origin of the leak, when releasing CO2 at a rate of 5-6 l/min. Finally, we have investigated how to integrate the deep-focused geophysical and shallow-focused seafloor monitoring techniques. In our study, we have used a set of leakage scenarios (leakage path, rate, etc.) available in the literature. In addition, we have included into our discussion additional datasets e.g. surface/seafloor heaving and gravity not directly acquired in the current study but available through literature. We conclude that integrating different datasets and different disciplines are necessary to maximize the extracted information and eventually to save cost as well. In addition, relevant future R&D task candidates have been identified.

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Ensuring Efficient and Robust Offshore Storage – The Role of Marine System Modelling

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Marine Monitoring for Offshore Geological Carbon Storage—A Review of Strategies, Technologies and Trends

Marine Monitoring for Offshore Geological Carbon Storage—A Review of Strategies, Technologies and Trends

Numerical modelling of CO2 migration in heterogeneous sediments and leakage scenario for STEMM-CCS field experiments

Integrated Monitoring Approach for Offshore Geological CO2 Storage

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