Entamoeba histolytica—Gut Microbiota Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye

Ankri, Serge

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030581

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…An increasing number of studies support an intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and E. histolytica ( Burgess and Petri, 2016 ; Ankri, 2021 ) and significant changes in the gut microbiota has been associated with amebiasis ( Rani et al, 2006 ; Verma et al, 2012 ). For example, the presence of Prevotella copri , in gut flora was associated with E. histolytica induced diarrheal disease in children ( Ngobeni et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gut bacteria is associated with unique combinations that are influenced by the physiological conditions within the intestine; most of these are commensal ( Lynch and Pedersen, 2016 ). Trophozoites feed on gut bacteria, and the bacteria are able to influence the virulence of E. histolytica (for a recent review see Ankri, 2021 ). As an example, cultivating E. histolytica with E. coli O55 can boost E. histolytica ’s virulence which depends on contact between the amoeba and bacteria ( Bracha and Mirelman, 1984 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Metabolites From the Gut Microbiota Capable of Regulating Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Human Parasite Entamoeba histolytica?

Sarid

Ankri

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The unicellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica inhabits the human gut. It has to adapt to a complex environment that consists of the host microbiota, nutritional stress, oxidative stress, and nitrosative stress. Adaptation to this complex environment is vital for the survival of this parasite. Studies have shown that the host microbiota shapes virulence and stress adaptation in E. histolytica. Increasing evidence suggests that metabolites from the microbiota mediate communication between the parasite and microbiota. In this review, we discuss the bacterial metabolites that regulate epigenetic processes in E. histolytica and the implications that this knowledge may have for the development of new anti-amebic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Metabolites From the Gut Microbiota Capable of Regulating Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Human Parasite Entamoeba histolytica?

Sarid

Ankri

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…In our previous work, we demonstrated that AF triggers OS inside E. histolytica trophozoites, resulting in the oxidation of more than 500 proteins, including many redox enzymes that are essential for controlling the intracellular levels of ROS in the parasite [ 28 , 42 , 43 ]. Here, we characterized E. histolytica trophozoites that were adapted to 2 µM AF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entamoeba histolytica Adaption to Auranofin: A Phenotypic and Multi-Omics Characterization

et al. 2021

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Auranofin (AF), an antirheumatic agent, targets mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an important enzyme controlling redox homeostasis. AF is also highly effective against a diversity of pathogenic bacteria and protozoan parasites. Here, we report on the resistance of the parasite Entamoeba histolytica to 2 µM of AF that was acquired by gradual exposure of the parasite to an increasing amount of the drug. AF-adapted E. histolytica trophozoites (AFAT) have impaired growth and cytopathic activity, and are more sensitive to oxidative stress (OS), nitrosative stress (NS), and metronidazole (MNZ) than wild type (WT) trophozoites. Integrated transcriptomics and redoxomics analyses showed that many upregulated genes in AFAT, including genes encoding for dehydrogenase and cytoskeletal proteins, have their product oxidized in wild type trophozoites exposed to AF (acute AF trophozoites) but not in AFAT. We also showed that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized proteins (OXs) in AFAT is lower than that in acute AF trophozoites. Overexpression of E. histolytica TrxR (EhTrxR) did not protect the parasite against AF, which suggests that EhTrxR is not central to the mechanism of adaptation to AF.

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“…In our previous work, we have demonstrated that AF triggers OS inside E.histolytica trophozoites resulting in the oxidation of more than 500 proteins including many redox enzymes which are essential for maintaining intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in the parasite [28,43,44]. Here, we have characterized E.histolytica trophozoites that have been adapted to 2 μM AF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entamoeba histolytica adaption to auranofin: a phenotypic and multi-omics characterization

Shaulov

Sarid

Trebicz-Geffen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Auranofin (AF), an antirheumatic agent, targets mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an important enzyme controlling redox homeostasisis, AF is also very effective against a diversity of pathogenic bacteria and protozoan parasites. Here, we report about the resistance of the parasite Entamoeba histolytica to 2 microM of AF that has been acquired by gradual exposure of the parasite to increasing amount of the drug. AF adapted E.histolytica trophozoites (AFAT) has an impaired growth, cytopathic activity and they are more sensitive to oxidative stress (OS), nitrosative stress (NS) and metronidazole (MTZ) than wild type (WT) trophozoites. Integrated transcriptomics and redoxomics analyses showed that many upregulated genes in AFAT, including genes encoding for dehydrogenase and cytoskeletal proteins, have their product oxidized in wild type trophozoites exposed to AF (acute AF trophozoites) but not in AFAT. We also showed that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized proteins (OXs) in AFAT is lower than that of acute AF trophozoites. Overexpression of E.histolytica TrxR (EhTrxR) did not protect the parasite against AF which suggests that EhTrxR is not central is the mechanism of adaptation to AF.

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Entamoeba histolytica—Gut Microbiota Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye

Cited by 19 publications

References 101 publications

Are Metabolites From the Gut Microbiota Capable of Regulating Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Human Parasite Entamoeba histolytica?

Are Metabolites From the Gut Microbiota Capable of Regulating Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Human Parasite Entamoeba histolytica?

Entamoeba histolytica Adaption to Auranofin: A Phenotypic and Multi-Omics Characterization

Entamoeba histolytica adaption to auranofin: a phenotypic and multi-omics characterization

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