Entamoeba histolytica

Ayed, Layla Ben; Sabbahi, Sonia

doi:10.14321/waterpathogens.34

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…This finding agrees with the studies conducted in Turkey [ 126 ], Bolivia [ 121 ], and South Africa [ 102 ]. It might be because people who used to play with soil may have contact with soil-transmitted helminths' eggs, larvae, or adults [ 127 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Human Intestinal Helminths Parasitic Infections in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liyih

Damtie

Tegen

2022

The Scientific World Journal

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Background. Intestinal helminth infections are still public health problems in tropical and subtropical countries including Ethiopia. This review and meta-analysis aimed to produce the pooled prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal helminth parasitic infections (HIHPIs) in Ethiopia. Methods. Articles written in English were searched from online databases. Sixty-seven studies were included. Meta-analysis was computed using STATA version 14. Result. The pooled prevalence of HIHPIs was (33.35%, 95% CI: 28.85%, 37.86%). Ascaris lumbricoides (10.84%, 95% CI: 9.34, 12.34), hookworm spp. (8.89%, 95% CI: 7.75, 10.04), Schistosoma mansoni (4.22%, 95% CI: 3.64, 4.81), Trichuris trichiura (2.51%, 95% CI: 2.17, 2.86), Hymenolepis nana (2.29%, 95% CI: 1.96, 2.63), Taenia species (1.01%, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.22), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.17%, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.41), and Enterobius vermicularis(0.71%, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.90) were recorded. Handwashing before food (OR: 5.22,95% CI: 3.49, 6.94), handwashing after toilet (OR: 3.03, 95%; CI: 1.01, 5.05), age (OR: 1.66, 95% CL. 1.09, 2.23), open defecation (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.60, 3.24), eating raw and unwashed vegetables/fruits (OR: 1.98, 95%; CI: 1.30, 2.66), maternal education (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.91, 2.72), family income (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.87, 3.31), source of drinking water (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.96, 4.27), swimming/contact with river water (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.69), barefoot (OR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.67, 4.88), playing with soil (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.40, 3.88), and family size (OR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.03, 5.46) were factors associated with HIHPIs in Ethiopia. High heterogeneity of the prevalence of HIHPIs was observed among the studies within and among regions (I2 > 99.6% and P ≤ 0.001 ). Conclusion. HIHPIs in Ethiopia were significantly high. Therefore, special attention should be given by all stakeholders to minimize HIHPIs in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Human Intestinal Helminths Parasitic Infections in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liyih

Damtie

Tegen

2022

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Protozoa cysts have been detected in the effluent wastewater and sludge of WWTPs; however, only a little is known about wastewater treatment and how it may affect their removal (Sroka et al, 2013). In addition, there are no regulations or guidelines concerning the occurrence of protozoa in treated wastewater discharged to water bodies or used during agricultural processes (Ben Ayed & Sabbahi, 2017). However, irrigating crops by using treated wastewater, fruit, and vegetables, especially those intended for human consumption, requires special caution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater treatment plants discharges disseminated more Giardia than Cryptosporidium

Onursal

İçgen

2023

Water Environment Research

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Parasitic protozoa Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum are causative agents for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, respectively. These infections are mostly associated with waterborne diseases. The discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that reach surface waters cause waterborne transmission because there are no regulations for monitoring these protozoa. This emphasizes how crucial the removal capacities of WWTPs to prevent the spread of infectious parasitic pathogens. For this reason, in this study, five different types of WWTPs including conventional activated sludge (CAS), biological nutrient removal (BNR), sequencing batch reactor (SBR), membrane bioreactor (MBR), and WWTP with coagulation–flocculation and UV disinfection (CoFlUV) units were investigated over a year, seasonally in terms of their G. intestinalis and C. parvum removal capacities. The seasonal abundances of these protozoa‐specific genes in both the influents and effluents of each WWTP were determined by qPCR. The reduction of protozoan rDNA copies in the effluent wastewater samples compared with the influent wastewater samples was assessed as log10 reduction values (LRVs). LRVs >3 were reachable for C. parvum in all types of WWTPs tested. However, only LRVs 1–2 were reachable for G. intestinalis in CAS, SBR, CoFlUV, and MBR. Significant seasonal variations were just observed in SBR and CAS for G. intestinalis and C. parvum (p < 0.05), respectively. The findings depicted that WWTPs tested disseminated more giardiasis causative agents than cryptosporidiosis. Therefore, G. intestinalis needs to be monitored in WWTPs' discharges to reduce any potential damage of this parasite to public health. Practitioner Points Removal of G. intestinalis and C. parvum in WWTPs was affected by the process. LRV 2.92 was the highest LRV achieved for G. intestinalis. LRV >3 was reachable for C. parvum. WWTPs discharges disseminated more G. intestinalis than C. parvum. WWTPs effluents should be monitored in terms of G. intestinalis.

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“…The global burden lies in tropical and subtropical countries suffering from poor sanitation facilities ( Shirley et al., 2018 ). As per WHO, Entamoeba histolytica infects approximately 50 million people worldwide and causes the death of around 100,000 people annually ( Ben Ayed, 2015 ). The parasite is among the top 15 causes of diarrhoea in children under the age of two years and thus hampers their mental and physical growth ( Haque et al., 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Drug Development Against the Neglected Tropical Disease, Amebiasis

Shrivastav

Malik

Somlata

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Amebiasis is a neglected tropical disease which is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This disease is one of the leading causes of diarrhea globally, affecting largely impoverished residents in developing countries. Amebiasis also remains one of the top causes of gastrointestinal diseases in returning international travellers. Despite having many side effects, metronidazole remains the drug of choice as an amebicidal tissue-active agent. However, emergence of metronidazole resistance in pathogens having similar anaerobic metabolism and also in laboratory strains of E. histolytica has necessitated the identification and development of new drug targets and therapeutic strategies against the parasite. Recent research in the field of amebiasis has led to a better understanding of the parasite’s metabolic and cellular pathways and hence has been useful in identifying new drug targets. On the other hand, new molecules effective against amebiasis have been mined by modifying available compounds, thereby increasing their potency and efficacy and also by repurposing existing approved drugs. This review aims at compiling and examining up to date information on promising drug targets and drug molecules for the treatment of amebiasis.

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Entamoeba histolytica

Cited by 13 publications

References 115 publications

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Human Intestinal Helminths Parasitic Infections in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Human Intestinal Helminths Parasitic Infections in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wastewater treatment plants discharges disseminated more Giardia than Cryptosporidium

Revisiting Drug Development Against the Neglected Tropical Disease, Amebiasis

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