Entanglement access control for the quantum Internet

Gyöngyösi, László; Imre, Sándor

doi:10.1007/s11128-019-2226-5

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Bell measurements are typically used to obtain long-range bipartite entanglement, while multi-qubit measurements can be made in order to generate multipartite entanglement; see, e.g., Refs. [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76].…”

Section: Network Architectures and Entanglement Distribution Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical figures of merit and thresholds for entanglement distribution in quantum networks

Khatri

Matyas

Siddiqui

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Research

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Before global-scale quantum networks become operational, it is important to consider how to evaluate their performance so that they can be suitably built to achieve the desired performance. In this work, we consider three figures of merit for the performance of a quantum network: the average global connection time, the average point-to-point connection time, and the average largest entanglement cluster size. These three quantities are based on the generation of elementary links in a quantum network, which is a crucial initial requirement that must be met before any long-range entanglement distribution can be achieved. We evaluate these figures of merit for a particular class of quantum repeater protocols consisting of repeat-until-success elementary link generation along with entanglement swapping at intermediate nodes in order to achieve long-range entanglement. We obtain lower and upper bounds on these three quantities, which lead to requirements on quantum memory coherence times and other aspects of quantum network implementations. Our bounds are based solely on the inherently probabilistic nature of elementary link generation in quantum networks, and they apply to networks with arbitrary topology. CONTENTS

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Section: Network Architectures and Entanglement Distribution Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical figures of merit and thresholds for entanglement distribution in quantum networks

Khatri

Matyas

Siddiqui

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Research

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“…, ρ g } of demands with both end nodes A ρ∈ ,U k and B ρ∈ ,U k not affected by f as given by (34). The quantity of D P(N ) (ρ i (S i )) (see (33)), which describes the required total entanglement by demand ρ i with connection set S i along entangled connections traversed by respective paths P (N ) in N , is set to the amount of the total entanglement required for ρ i , D (ρ i (S i )) (see (32)). As a final substep, determine the shortest pathṖ i for ρ i by using the temporarily incidence matrixĨ N as characterized in step 1.…”

Section: Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement accessibility measures for the quantum Internet

Gyöngyösi

Imre

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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We define metrics and measures to characterize the ratio of accessible quantum entanglement for complex network failures in the quantum Internet. A complex network failure models a situation in the quantum Internet in which a set of quantum nodes and a set of entangled connections become unavailable. A complex failure can cover a quantum memory failure, a physical link failure, an eavesdropping activity, or any other random physical failure scenario. Here, we define the terms entanglement accessibility ratio, cumulative probability of entanglement accessibility ratio, probabilistic reduction of entanglement accessibility ratio, domain entanglement accessibility ratio, and occurrence coefficient. The proposed methods can be applied to an arbitrary topology quantum network to extract relevant statistics and to handle the quantum network failure scenarios in the quantum Internet. IntroductionAs quantum computers evolves significantly [1-10], there arises a fundamental need for a communication network that provides unconditionally secure communication and all the network functions of the traditional internet. This network structure is the quantum Internet [11][12][13][14][15]22]. The availability of quantum entanglement is a crucial aspect in any global-scale quantum Internet. The quantum Internet refers to a set of connected heterogeneous quantum communication networks realized by quantum nodes and channels (such as optical fibers or wireless optical quantum channels in the physical layer) [16,[59][60][61][62][63][64]. The quantum Internet also integrates a set of classical auxiliary communication channels to transmit auxiliary classical side-information between the quantum nodes. The quantum Internet is modeled as a global-scale quantum communication network composed of quantum subnetworks and networking components. The core network of the quantum Internet is assumed to be an entangled network structure [15,20,21,24,25,27,28,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47], which is a communication network in which the quantum nodes are connected by entangled connections. An entangled connection refers to a shared entangled system (i.e., a Bell state for qubit systems to connect two quantum nodes) between the quantum nodes. In an unentangled network structure, the quantum nodes are not necessarily connected by entanglement [16,78], and the communication between the nodes is realized in a point-to-point setting. This setting does not allow quantum communication over arbitrary distances, and an unentangled network structure can mostly be used for establishing a point-to-point quantum key distribution (QKD) [70,103] between the quantum nodes. These short distances can be extended to longer distances by the utilization of free-space quantum channels [15,70]. However, this solution is auxiliary, since it can be used only at some specific points of the unentangled network structure. Therefore, it does not represent an adequate and fundamental answer to the problem of long-distance quantum communication. Consequently, in an unentangl...

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“…Step 3. Propagate back R j W R k →B to R i , and update R (0) i W Rj →B (50) via estimation E R i W Rj →B (49) to R i W Rj →B as…”

Section: Routing Space Exploration and Scalable Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a quantum Internet scenario [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][78][79][80] , a primary task is to distribute quantum entanglement 54,81-98 from a source quantum node to a target quantum node through a set of intermediate quantum nodes called quantum repeaters 32,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] . The entanglement distribution is realized in a step-by-step manner by the generation of short-distance entangled connections between quantum nodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing space exploration for scalable routing in the quantum Internet

Gyöngyösi

Imre

2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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the entangled network structure of the quantum internet formulates a high complexity routing space that is hard to explore. Scalable routing is a routing method that can determine an optimal routing at particular subnetwork conditions in the quantum internet to perform a high-performance and lowcomplexity routing in the entangled structure. Here, we define a method for routing space exploration and scalable routing in the quantum internet. We prove that scalable routing allows a compact and efficient routing in the entangled networks of the quantum Internet.

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Entanglement access control for the quantum Internet

Cited by 46 publications

References 64 publications

Practical figures of merit and thresholds for entanglement distribution in quantum networks

Practical figures of merit and thresholds for entanglement distribution in quantum networks

Entanglement accessibility measures for the quantum Internet

Routing space exploration for scalable routing in the quantum Internet

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