Entanglement and teleportation between polarization and wave-like encodings of an optical qubit

Abstract

Light is an irreplaceable means of communication among various quantum information processing and storage devices. Due to their different physical nature, some of these devices couple more strongly to discrete, and some to continuous degrees of freedom of a quantum optical wave. It is therefore desirable to develop a technological capability to interconvert quantum information encoded in these degrees of freedom. Here we generate and characterize an entangled state between a dual-rail (polarization-encoded) single-photon qubit and a qubit encoded as a superposition of opposite-amplitude coherent states. We furthermore demonstrate the application of this state as a resource for the interfacing of quantum information between these encodings. In particular, we show teleportation of a polarization qubit onto a freely propagating continuous-variable qubit.

Identifying Photoinduced Dipolar Polarization and Orbit–Orbit Interaction between Excitons in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites

“…[ 13–17 ] Under photoexcitation, an incident electromagnetic wave generates an electronic polarization occurring at the frequency of 10 14 Hz with a much lower amplitude as compared to the dipolar polarization regime. [ 8,18 ] Bulk polarization is governed by dipolar polarization within the MHz frequency range. [ 19 ] Thus, there has been a fundamental question on whether a photoexcitation can induce a dipolar polarization change, which can provide an underlying mechanism to control the dynamic behaviors of excited states toward developing optoelectronic functionalities.…”

Satellite‐based distribution of hybrid entanglement

“…Hybrid entanglement with large cat states can be deterministically generated by a weak and dispersive light‐matter interaction, 34 or by a cross‐Kerr nonlinear interaction between a coherent state and a photon‐number qubit state 35,36 . However, due to experimental challenges in nonlinear optics, hybrid entanglement with small cat states can be more easily produced by using linear optics and a probabilistic heralded scheme 7,11,31,37 . The latter setup takes a small cat state (| cat + ⟩) as an input, and produces hybrid entanglement between small cat states and qubit states.…”

“…An example of such a hybrid state would be entanglement between the CV Schrödinger‐cat states and the DV photon‐number states. Such a hybrid entangled state has been demonstrated to have applications in quantum control, specifically for the remote preparation of a CV qubit using a local DV mode 7,9‐11 . In quantum communications, hybrid entangled states can lead to the violation of the steering inequality, 12 thus generating a positive key rate for the one‐sided device‐independent Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol 13 .…”

“…Previous work has studied the scenario where both the state to be teleported and the teleportation channel are hybrid entangled states 11,25‐27 . However, the generation of a hybrid‐entangled teleportation resource channel is experimentally challenging—especially when the source is placed on board a satellite as in Figure 1(A).…”

Engineering optical hybrid entanglement between discrete- and continuous-variable states

“…Recently such hybrid entangled states have been experimentally generated [32][33][34], including at a distance via a loss-tolerant scheme [32]. These entangled states have then been used to interconvert quantum information between CV and DV encodings [35,36], to demonstrate remote state preparation of arbitrary CV qubits by local manipulation of the DV component [37] or to violate a steering inequality that shows their suitability for one-sided device-independent protocols [38]. Such class of states has also been considered for resource-efficient quantum computation [39,40] and neardeterministic quantum teleportation [41,42].…”