Entanglement and violation of classical inequalities in the Hawking radiation of flowing atom condensates

Nova, Juan Ramón Muñoz de; Sols, Fernando; Zapata, I.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/17/10/105003

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…By (2) theoretical prediction for this type of system would be near-maximal entanglement for all but the longest wavelengths 28 . Approximately maximal entanglement is indeed observed for the larger k-values.…”

Section: Measuring the Entanglement Of The Hawking Pairsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole

Steinhauer¹

2016

Nature Phys

535

659

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prediction of the field is that of Hawking radiation 2 , 3 . By making an approximation to the stillunknown laws of quantum gravity, Hawking predicted that the horizon of the black hole should emit a thermal distribution of particles. Furthermore, each Hawking particle should be entangled with a partner particle falling into the black hole. This presents a puzzle of information loss, and even the unitarity of quantum mechanics falls into question 4 -6 .

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Section: Measuring the Entanglement Of The Hawking Pairsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole

Steinhauer¹

2016

Nature Phys

535

659

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In particular, the function Ψ SH 0 (x) is continuously connected to the homogeneous subsonic plane wave solution, and since it has the larger amplitude inside the well, it represents the true ground state of the system, as can be inferred from Equation (21). Hence, the BHL solution Ψ BHL (x) of Equation (58) should be dynamically unstable for any length X > 0 of the well.…”

Section: Asymptotic Shadow Solitonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Linear Stationary Solutions in Realistic Models for Analog Black-Hole Lasers

Nova¹,

Muñoz²

2017

Universe

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From both a theoretical and an experimental point of view, Bose-Einstein condensates are good candidates for studying gravitational analogues of black holes and black-hole lasers. In particular, a recent experiment has shown that a black-hole laser configuration can be created in the laboratory. However, the most considered theoretical models for analog black-hole lasers are quite difficult to implement experimentally. In order to fill this gap, we devote this work to present more realistic models for black-hole lasers. For that purpose, we first prove that, by symmetrically extending every black-hole configuration, one can obtain a black-hole laser configuration with an arbitrarily large supersonic region. Based on this result, we propose the use of an attractive square well and a double delta-barrier, which can be implemented using standard experimental tools, for studying black-hole lasers. We also compute the different stationary states of these setups, identifying the true ground state of the system and discussing the relation between the obtained solutions and the appearance of dynamical instabilities.

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“…The hypothesis that the full Hawking scenario of steady thermal radiation in horizon scenarios in general might be insensitive to shortdistance details has been disproven by the discovery that finite ergoregions in fluids with supersonic dispersion at short wavelengths are dynamically unstable ('black hole lasing') [9][10][11][12]. Other theoretical studies have also shown that many dynamically linear aspects of the Hawking scenario can be investigated with BEC analogs, including quantum entanglement across the horizon due to parametric production of paired excitations [13][14][15][16]. Finally, analog Hawking radiation has actually been observed [17][18][19] in a quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-steady radiation of sound from turbulent sonic ergoregions

2018

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Sonic Hawking radiation has recently been observed in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), but it remains an open question whether this landmark achievement of atomic physics can lead to new insights into the effects on Hawking radiation of nonlinear back-reaction and new short-distance physics, as was originally hoped by Unruh when he introduced the sonic analogy. Furthermore, studies of sonic analog black holes have until now concentrated on (1+1)-dimensional scenarios, but Unruh's sonic analogy for curved spacetime is only valid in more than one spatial dimension. We therefore model the evolution of a (2+1)-dimensional sonic black hole in a dilute BEC, over a long enough time to let the initial Corley-Jacobson instabilities saturate in vortex production and give way to a long-lived quasi-stationary state. In this quasi-equilibrium state we find the initial laminar ergoregion replaced by a turbulent zone that steadily radiates sound, but with a non-thermal power spectrum.Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.1 By this term we mean all effects resulting from the full nonlinear theory that act back on the black hole and that are neglected in Hawking's derivation. In the context of analog gravity in BEC mean-field theory the full theory is the nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii theory; neglecting the nonlinear back-reaction corresponds to the linear Bogoliubov approximation. 2 From [3] above: 'This system forms an excellent theoretical laboratory where many of the unknown effects that quantum gravity could exert on black hole evaporation can be modeled. ... At distances of 10 −8 cm, the assumptions ... of a smooth background flow are no longer valid just as in gravity one expects the concept of a smooth space-time on which the various relativistic fields propagate to break down at scales of 10 −33 cm. Furthermore, the phonons emitted are quantum fluctuations of the fluid flow and thus affect their own propagation in exactly the same way that graviton emission affects the space-time on which the various relativistic fields propagate.' In the last sentence Unruh cannot really have meant that quantum gravity must be exactly like hydrodynamics, but rather just that nonlinear back-reaction of some kind will surely occur in both quantum gravity and hydrodynamics-and that this is a reason for pursuing analog experiments.

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Entanglement and violation of classical inequalities in the Hawking radiation of flowing atom condensates

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole

Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole

Non-Linear Stationary Solutions in Realistic Models for Analog Black-Hole Lasers

Quasi-steady radiation of sound from turbulent sonic ergoregions

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