Entanglement of Gaussian states and the applicability to quantum key distribution over fading channels

Usenko, Vladyslav C.; Heim, Bettina; Peuntinger, Christian; Wittmann, Christoffer; Marquardt, Christoph; Leuchs, Gerd; Filip, Radim

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/093048

Cited by 118 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, due to the strong ambient light, an effective filtering scheme is required to selectively detect quantum signals. Recent studies analyze the effect of fading and of atmospheric turbulence to CV-QKD 156 and show that CV-QKD with coherent detection could be robust against ambient noise photons due to the intrinsic filtering function of the local oscillator. 157 We also note that preliminary studies suggest that QKD at microwave wavelengths, which are widely used in wireless communications, might be feasible over short distances.…”

Section: Network Qkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Diamanti¹,

Lo²,

Qi³

et al. 2016

npj Quantum Inf

645

468

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditional security in data communication and is currently being deployed in commercial applications. Nonetheless, before QKD can be widely adopted, it faces a number of important challenges such as secret key rate, distance, size, cost and practical security. Here, we survey those key challenges and the approaches that are currently being taken to address them. For thousands of years, human beings have been using codes to keep secrets. With the rise of the Internet and recent trends to the Internet of Things, our sensitive personal financial and health data as well as commercial and national secrets are routinely being transmitted through the Internet. In this context, communication security is of utmost importance. In conventional symmetric cryptographic algorithms, communication security relies solely on the secrecy of an encryption key. If two users, Alice and Bob, share a long random string of secret bits-the key-then they can achieve unconditional security by encrypting their message using the standard one-time-pad encryption scheme. The central question then is: how do Alice and Bob share a secure key in the first place? This is called the key distribution problem. Unfortunately, all classical methods to distribute a secure key are fundamentally insecure because in classical physics there is nothing preventing an eavesdropper, Eve, from copying the key during its transit from Alice to Bob. On the other hand, standard asymmetric or public-key cryptography solves the key distribution problem by relying on computational assumptions such as the hardness of factoring. Therefore, such schemes do not provide information-theoretic security because they are vulnerable to future advances in hardware and algorithms, including the construction of a large-scale quantum computer.

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Section: Network Qkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Diamanti¹,

Lo²,

Qi³

et al. 2016

npj Quantum Inf

645

468

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This effect leads to beam w andering as well as beam broadening [1,8]. In this paper, w e take the usual assum ption that transm ittance fading is largely dom inated by beam w ander [1,19,20,23], Beam w andering causes the beam center to be random ly displaced from the aperture center in the receiver plane. A ssum ing that the beam -center position is norm ally distributed w ith variance af around a point at a distance o f d from the aperture center, the beam -deflection distance fluctuates according to the Rice distribution, w hich results in the probability density distribution p{r\) being given by the log-negative generalized Rice distribution [19].…”

Section: Quantum Communication Over Fading Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…U nlike earlier m odels, e.g., the log-norm al distribution, the log-negative generalized Rice distribution more accurately describes the operationally im portant transm ission distribution tail [19]. In the particular case, d = 0, when the beam spatially fluctuates around the center o f the receiver's aperture such fading can be described by the log-negative Weibull distribution [19,20] P<Jl) = 2 L2 abXrl (5) for zj e [0, /jo], w ith p(r]) = 0 otherw ise. Here, al is the beam w ander variance, A .…”

Section: Quantum Communication Over Fading Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gaussian entanglement distribution via satellite

Hosseinidehaj

Malaney

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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In this work we analyze three quantum communication schemes for the generation of Gaussian entanglement between two ground stations. Communication occurs via a satellite over two independent atmospheric fading channels dominated by turbulence-induced beam wander. In our first scheme, the engineering complexity remains largely on the ground transceivers, with the satellite acting simply as a reflector. Although the channel state information of the two atmospheric channels remains unknown in this scheme, the Gaussian entanglement generation between the ground stations can still be determined. On the ground, distillation and Gaussification procedures can be applied, leading to a refined Gaussian entanglement generation rate between the ground stations. We compare the rates produced by this first scheme with two competing schemes in which quantum complexity is added to the satellite, thereby illustrating the tradeoff between space-based engineering complexity and the rate of ground-station entanglement generation.

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“…In this case, the transmissivity η of the link between the two parties is not constant and may take values according to some probability distribution [43]. This description usually emerges from the fact that the parties use a free-space link [44] that is susceptible to the atmospheric turbulence [45][46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution in uniform fast-fading channels

2018

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Article:Papanastasiou, Panagiotis, Weedbrook, Christian and Pirandola, Stefano orcid.org/0000-0001- 6165-5615 (2018) We investigate the performance of several continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols in the presence of fading channels. These are lossy channels whose transmissivity changes according to a probability distribution. This is typical in communication scenarios where remote parties are connected by free-space links subject to atmospheric turbulence. In this work, we assume the worst-case scenario where an eavesdropper has full control of a fast fading process, so that she chooses the instantaneous transmissivity of a channel, while the remote parties can only detect the mean statistical process. In our study, we consider coherent-state protocols run in various configurations, including the one-way switching protocol in reverse reconciliation, the measurementdevice-independent protocol in the symmetric configuration and a three-party measurement-deviceindependent network. We show that, regardless of the advantage given to the eavesdropper (full control of fading), these protocols can still achieve high rates.

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Entanglement of Gaussian states and the applicability to quantum key distribution over fading channels

Cited by 118 publications

References 44 publications

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Gaussian entanglement distribution via satellite

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution in uniform fast-fading channels

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