EntangleNet: Theoretical Reestablishment of Entanglement in Quantum Networks †

Abstract

In the practical context of quantum networks, the most reliable method of transmitting quantum information is via teleportation because quantum states are highly sensitive. However, teleportation consumes a shared maximally entangled state. Two parties Alice and Bob located at separate nodes that wish to reestablish their shared entanglement will not send entangled qubits directly to achieve this goal, but rather employ a more efficient mechanism that ensures minimal time resources. In this paper, we present a quantum routing scheme that exploits entanglement swapping to reestablish consumed entanglement. It improves and generalizes previous work on the subject and reduces the entanglement distribution time by a factor of 4 k in an arbitrary scale quantum network, where N = 4 k - 1 is a required number of quantum nodes located between source and destination. In addition, k is the greatest positive integer considered by Alice or Bob, such that afterwards they choose N quantum switches.

EntangleNetSat: A Satellite-Based Entanglement Resupply Network

“…As future work, we suggest studying algorithms for optimal path selection with at least one entanglement source, algorithms for optimal source selection, and the applicability of nanosatellites in the context of inter-satellite quantum entanglement transmissions. 1 The source code and used data are available upon request…”

“…Choosing this satellite can be performed in a similar manner as the source satellite in the homogeneous network case. Protocols which account for quantum swapping have been developed for terrestrial networks [1], but can be adapted for the satellite mesh, too. Such routing protocols could be considered as a black box, where the inputs are the two nodes requiring entanglement, and its output is the route and sources chosen.…”

“…While ground-based resupply schemes have been previously studied by [1], [15], [19], [34], an inherent limitation of such protocols is the exponential attenuation caused by the transmission medium: fiber optics or air. Therefore, high fidelity transmissions of entangled pairs is feasible only for relatively short ranges (approximately 421KM [17]).…”

Optimal quantum network decongestion strategies

“…An improved approach can be achieved using the entanglement swapping and entanglement purification procedures [26][27][28][29] . Using quantum routing algorithms [30][31][32][33][34] , a route between two nodes requesting entanglement can be found, and by making use of entanglement swapping, segments of a route can be effectively traversed in parallel, leading to a decrease in the total distance a particle has to travel, as well as lowering the total transmission time.The objective of this work is to propose and analyze the optimal strategy of handling simultaneous entanglement resupply requests, that have to contend over nodes and links within the same network. The paper is structured as follows.…”

“…An improved approach can be achieved using the entanglement swapping and entanglement purification procedures [26][27][28][29] . Using quantum routing algorithms [30][31][32][33][34] , a route between two nodes requesting entanglement can be found, and by making use of entanglement swapping, segments of a route can be effectively traversed in parallel, leading to a decrease in the total distance a particle has to travel, as well as lowering the total transmission time.…”