Entelodontidae

Effinger, James A.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511529924.026

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Vertical elements such as those found in the enamel of the carnivore Crocuta (hyaena) and entelodonts are hypothesized to be an adaptation to deal with high stresses during mastication [ 19 , 44 ]. Crocuta is carnivorous and ossiphagous, whereas entelodonts have been interpreted as omnivores and pig-like in their diet, ingesting a variety of food items, including plants, meat, and bones [ 45 , 46 ]. In contrast, Coryphodon , based on its transverse shearing lophs and carbon isotope values, is interpreted as an herbivore, and probably semiaquatic [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using tooth enamel microstructure to identify mammalian fossils at an Eocene Arctic forest

2020

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Lower Eocene (Wasatchian-aged) sediments of the Margaret Formation on Ellesmere Island in Canada's High Arctic preserve evidence of a rainforest inhabited by alligators, turtles, and a diverse mammalian fauna. The mammalian fossils are fragmentary and often poorly preserved. Here, we offer an alternative method for their identification. Among the best preserved and extensive of the Eocene Arctic forests is the Strathcona Fiord Fossil Forest, which contains permineralized in situ tree stumps protruding from a prominent coal seam, but a paucity of vertebrate fossils. In 2010 and 2018, we recovered mammalian tooth fragments at the fossil forest, but they are so incomplete as to be undiagnostic by using their external morphology. We used a combination of light microscopy and SEM analysis to study the enamel microstructure of two tooth fragments from the fossil forest-NUFV2092B and 2092E. The results of our analysis indicate that NUFV2092B and 2092E have Coryphodonenamel, which is characterized by vertical bodies that manifest as bands of nested chevrons or treelike structures visible in the tangential section under light microscopy. This enamel type is not found in other mammals known from the Arctic. Additionally, when studied under SEM, the enamel of NUFV2092B and 2092E has rounded prisms that open to one side and are surrounded by interprismatic matrix that is nearly parallel to the prisms, which also occurs in Coryphodon enamel, based on prior studies. The tooth fragments reported here, along with some poorly preserved bone fragments, thus far are the only documented vertebrate fossils from the Strathcona Fiord Fossil Forest. However, fossils of Coryphodon occur elsewhere in the Margaret Formation, so its presence at the fossil forest is not surprising. What is novel in our study is the way in which we identified the fossils using their enamel microstructure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using tooth enamel microstructure to identify mammalian fossils at an Eocene Arctic forest

2020

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“…Although Effinger (1998) listed "?D. mento" from the Hawthorn Formation, it should be noted that this formation is no longer recognized in SC.…”

Section: Aphelopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A., and additions to the fauna

Albright,

Sanders,

Weems

et al. 2019

FLMNH

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Study of vertebrate fossils from the South Carolina Coastal Plain played a significant role in the early history of vertebrate paleontology as a scientific discipline in North America. However, a clear understanding of the state’s vertebrate biostratigraphy has been greatly hindered by the paucity of well-exposed fossil-bearing stratigraphic sections and a complicated subsurface stratigraphy. Most units, particularly those of Neogene and Quaternary age, exist as thin veneers of marine or estuarine sediments that typically occur as infilled topographic lows or erosional remnants as determined primarily from borehole stratigraphy. Hence, lateral continuity can be difficult to confirm over broad geographic areas often resulting inconfusion insofar as vertebrate fossil provenance is concerned. The evaluation of vertebrate fossils from the South Carolina Coastal Plain presented here, and of the geologic units from which they originated, or are thought to have originated, results in the first modern biostratigraphic framework for the known Cenozoic record of the state. Results provide (1) updated correlations of many units to the most recent, astronomically-tuned marine oxygen isotope stages; (2) the first viverravid from the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Didymictis proteus; (3) new information on the timing of certain Neotropical immigrants into the Southeast during the Great American Biotic Interchange, including the oldest record of Erethizon in this region and the oldest records of capybara in the USA; (4) the possible oldest record of the microtine rodent Allophaiomys pliocaenicus in the USA; (5) new details on the unit of origin for the type specimen of the archaeocete Dorudon serratus; and (6) new details on the ontogeny of the early odontocete Agorophius pygmaeus. New taxonomic records from South Carolina include Glyptotherium texanum, Holmesina floridanus, Ondatra idahoensis, Erethizon ?bathygnathum, Leopardus amnicola, Miracinonyx ?trumani, Canis lepophagus, Canis latrans, Phocanella pumila, Callophoca obscura, Monatherium sp., Anchippus texanus, Subhyracodon mitis, Aphelops ?malacorhinus, Teleoceras ?guymonense, and Perchoerus sp. New specimens of previously recorded taxa are also noted.

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Entelodontidae

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Using tooth enamel microstructure to identify mammalian fossils at an Eocene Arctic forest

Using tooth enamel microstructure to identify mammalian fossils at an Eocene Arctic forest

Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A., and additions to the fauna

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