Enteral absorption in man of eicosapentaenoic acid in different chemical forms

Boustani, S. El; Colette, C; Descomps, Bernard; Paulet, A. Crastes de; Mendy, F.

doi:10.1007/bf02533970

Cited by 164 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Krill oil carries greater than one-third of its high level of EPA and DHA as PLs ( 47 ), though notably, a recent report notes that about 22% of the EPA and DHA in one krill oil product is in the form of free FAs, which is at least several fold greater than normally found in foods or supplements ( 48 ). In the fi rst day postdose, the timing and peak of blood levels are generally greater when ingested as free FAs, and similar to those of TAGs ( 49,50 ) and/or as PLs compared with ethyl esters. However, these short-term kinetics may not correspond to long-term differences in DHA status as measured in human blood pools ( 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher efficacy of dietary DHA provided as a phospholipid than as a triglyceride for brain DHA accretion in neonatal piglets

Liu

Bartke

Daele

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher efficacy of dietary DHA provided as a phospholipid than as a triglyceride for brain DHA accretion in neonatal piglets

Liu

Bartke

Daele

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…To validate the earlier observation and to place it in a context of overall FA status, we have investigated the impact of a P-OM3 challenge on plasma and blood cell esterifi ed FAs and plasma esterifi ed oxylipins using a dose associated with the protective effects of n3 FA ingestion, higher doses having been associated with oxidative stress ( 24,25 ). Although n3 FAs ingested as ethyl esters are incorporated into circulating triglycerides more slowly than ethyl ester forms ( 35 ), the absorption of ethyl esters and triglycerides and their incorporation into chylomicron are equivalent when dietary fats are held constant ( 36 ). Therefore, given * Differences in means were assessed by paired two-tailed t -tests.…”

Section: Changes In Plasma Esterifi Ed Oxylipinsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Basal omega-3 fatty acid status affects fatty acid and oxylipin responses to high-dose n3-HUFA in healthy volunteers

Keenan

Pedersen

Fillaus

et al. 2012

Journal of Lipid Research

102

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org Health consequences associated with low intakes of the long-chain, marine omega-3 (n3) FAs have become a central issue in nutritional lipid research. The United States Department of Agriculture's 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommend consumption of 8 ounces per week of fi sh, providing an average of 250 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) per day for prevention of heart disease ( 1 ). Moreover, public awareness regarding the potential health benefi ts of n3 FAs has spurred an increase in fatty fi sh and fi sh oil consumption ( 2 ).Although the mechanisms by which n3-HUFAs improve health are still being explored, it is clear that increasing n3-HUFA intake can decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in at-risk individuals ( 3-5 ). In hyperlipidemic subjects, treatment with high doses of n3-HUFAs lowers triglycerides ( 6 ) and improves total:HDL cholesterol ratios ( 6, 7 ), a surrogate marker associated with a reduction in CVD risk. The n3-HUFAs 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 also reduce infl ammatory responses in a range of conditions ( 8-10 ). A well-accepted effect of n3-HUFA supplementation is a reduction in thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation due to decreased platelet cyclooxygenase metabolism ( 11 ). More recently, a cyclooxygenase-independent diminution of platelet sensitivity to collagen has been reported after P-OM3 treatment ( 12 ). Thus, an increase in the anti-infl ammatory n3-HUFAs, which lowers the more proinfl ammatory n6-HUFAs ( 13-15 ), at least partially explains the health benefi ts of n3-HUFA consumption ( 8-10 ). 5306-51530-019-00D (J.W.N.), National Institute of Food and Agriculture National Needs Fellowship grant 2008-38420-04759 (A.H.K.), and by grant LVZ112860 from GlaxoSmithKline (G.C.S.) Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; HUFA, highly unsaturated fatty acid; P-OM3, prescription omega-3 acid ethyl esters; RBC, red blood cell.

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“…Important findings have been described in numerous studies, however, in which the absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in different chemical forms (including FFA, triacylglycerol, and arginine salt) has been compared to the absorption of ethyl esters of PUFA in adult rats (25) and humans (26)(27)(28)(29). In general, it has been observed that the absorption of ethyl esters of PUFA is less efficient compared to the other chemical forms, especially FFA.…”

Section: Permeability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different absorption of ethyl esters of LCFA may be the result of poor hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase (30). It has been suggested that the resistance to hydrolysis could result from the ethyl component of the molecule (26). Studies by Sarda and Desnuelle have reported a lower hydrolysis of ethyl oleate compared to the hydrolysis of triolein (31 ).…”

Section: Permeability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing intestine is injured during absorption of oleic acid but not its ethyl ester.

Velasquez

Place²,

Tso³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

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Although lipids are essential nutrients in the mammalian diet, we have shown that fatty acids are injurious to epithelial cells of developing piglet intestine during luminal perfusion. Furthermore, the intestine of young animals sustains greater injury than that of older piglets. In an effort to understand the mechanism for this developmental injury, we investigated whether changes in the chemical configuration of oleic acid would alter this damage. Mucosal permeability, as quantitated by the plasma-to-lumen clearance of "1chromium EDTA, was evaluated during luminal perfusion with oleic acid as compared with its ethyl (ethyl oleate) and glyceryl (glycerol-1-mono-oleate) esters, solubilized with taurocholic acid, in jejunum of 1-d-, 3-d-, 2-wk-, and 1-mo-old piglets. 5"Chromium EDTA clearance increased significantly during oleic acid and glycerol-lmono-oleate perfusion, but did not increase during perfusion with ethyl oleate or saline. This result was not secondary to failure of absorption of ethyl oleate, as 1[4Cqoleic acid and ethyl 11-'4Cioleate were absorbed to a similar extent. Furthermore, developing intestine was able to remove the ethyl group and then re-esterify the fatty acid to form triacylglycerol. These studies indicate that oleic acid-induced mucosal injury can be abolished when the carboxylic group of the fatty acid is esterified with an ethyl, but not a glycerol, group. Since the ethyl ester is also absorbed and metabolized similarly to the free fatty acid, this may provide a means of supplying long-chain fatty acids to developing intestine without causing mucosal damage. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994. 93:479-485.)

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Enteral absorption in man of eicosapentaenoic acid in different chemical forms

Cited by 164 publications

References 18 publications

Higher efficacy of dietary DHA provided as a phospholipid than as a triglyceride for brain DHA accretion in neonatal piglets

Higher efficacy of dietary DHA provided as a phospholipid than as a triglyceride for brain DHA accretion in neonatal piglets

Basal omega-3 fatty acid status affects fatty acid and oxylipin responses to high-dose n3-HUFA in healthy volunteers

Developing intestine is injured during absorption of oleic acid but not its ethyl ester.

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