Enteral High Fat-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Blend Alters the Pathogen Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Premature Infants with an Enterostomy

Younge, Noelle; Yang, Qing; Seed, Patrick C.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.053

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Epidemiological investigations have determined that feeding mother’s own milk decreases the likelihood of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants [4,5,6], resulting in shorter hospital stays and decreased cost of care [7,8]. When mother’s own milk is not available, pasteurized donor milk (PDM) is used as a reasonable alternative for the preterm infant [9,10,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactational Stage of Pasteurized Human Donor Milk Contributes to Nutrient Limitations for Infants

et al. 2017

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Background. Mother’s own milk is the first choice for feeding preterm infants, but when not available, pasteurized human donor milk (PDM) is often used. Infants fed PDM have difficulties maintaining appropriate growth velocities. To assess the most basic elements of nutrition, we tested the hypotheses that fatty acid and amino acid composition of PDM is highly variable and standard pooling practices attenuate variability; however, total nutrients may be limiting without supplementation due to late lactational stage of the milk. Methods. A prospective cross-sectional sampling of milk was obtained from five donor milk banks located in Ohio, Michigan, Colorado, Texas-Ft Worth, and California. Milk samples were collected after Institutional Review Board (#07-0035) approval and informed consent. Fatty acid and amino acid contents were measured in milk from individual donors and donor pools (pooled per Human Milk Banking Association of North America guidelines). Statistical comparisons were performed using Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman’s, or Multivariate Regression analyses with center as the fixed factor and lactational stage as co-variate. Results. Ten of the fourteen fatty acids and seventeen of the nineteen amino acids analyzed differed across Banks in the individual milk samples. Pooling minimized these differences in amino acid and fatty acid contents. Concentrations of lysine and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not different across Banks, but concentrations were low compared to recommended levels. Conclusions. Individual donor milk fatty acid and amino acid contents are highly variable. Standardized pooling practice reduces this variability. Lysine and DHA concentrations were consistently low across geographic regions in North America due to lactational stage of the milk, and thus not adequately addressed by pooling. Targeted supplementation is needed to optimize PDM, especially for the preterm or volume restricted infant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactational Stage of Pasteurized Human Donor Milk Contributes to Nutrient Limitations for Infants

et al. 2017

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“…For 16S rRNA sequencing, total genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples using a commercial bead-beating method (Zymo Research Soil Microbe DNA kit, Irvine, CA). PCR amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and gel extraction of the PCR amplicons were performed as previously described (50). Sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq Platform (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) with the use of 150-nucleotide (nt) single-end reads.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq Platform (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) with the use of 150-nucleotide (nt) single-end reads. Sequences were filtered, clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and aligned to the Greengenes database (version 13.8.99) as previously described (50). Representative sequences of the clusters were assigned to a particular level of taxonomy using BLAST against the SILVA bacterial database (release 111).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Microbial composition and diversity. Microbial composition and diversity were determined by the use of tools within the phyloseq (version 1.14.0), vegan (version 2.4-1), gss (version 2.1-6), and meta-genomeSeq (version 1.12.0) packages as previously described (50). All analyses were performed with R statistical software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).…”

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confidence: 99%

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HIV DNA-Adenovirus Multiclade Envelope Vaccine Induces gp41 Antibody Immunodominance in Rhesus Macaques

Han

Williams

Saunders

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Dominant antibody responses in vaccinees who received the HIV-1 multiclade (A, B, and C) envelope (Env) DNA/recombinant adenovirus virus type 5 (rAd5) vaccine studied in HIV-1 Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) efficacy trial 505 (HVTN 505) targeted Env gp41 and cross-reacted with microbial antigens. In this study, we asked if the DNA/rAd5 vaccine induced a similar antibody response in rhesus macaques (RMs), which are commonly used as an animal model for human HIV-1 infections and for testing candidate HIV-1 vaccines. We also asked if gp41 immunodominance could be avoided by immunization of neonatal RMs during the early stages of microbial colonization. We found that the DNA/rAd5 vaccine elicited a higher frequency of gp41-reactive memory B cells than gp120-memory B cells in adult and neonatal RMs. Analysis of the vaccine-induced Env-reactive B cell repertoire revealed that the majority of HIV-1 Env-reactive antibodies in both adult and neonatal RMs were targeted to gp41. Interestingly, a subset of gp41-reactive antibodies isolated from RMs cross-reacted with host antigens, including autologous intestinal microbiota. Thus, gp41-containing DNA/rAd5 vaccine induced dominant gp41-microbiota cross-reactive antibodies derived from blood memory B cells in RMs as observed in the HVTN 505 vaccine efficacy trial. These data demonstrated that RMs can be used to investigate gp41 immunodominance in candidate HIV-1 vaccines. Moreover, colonization of neonatal RMs occurred within the first week of life, and immunization of neonatal RMs during this time also induced a dominant gp41-reactive antibody response. Our results are critical to current work in the HIV-1 vaccine field evaluating the phenomenon of gp41 immunodominance induced by HIV-1 Env gp140 in RMs and humans. Our data demonstrate that RMs are an appropriate animal model to study this phenomenon and to determine the immunogenicity in new HIV-1 Env trimer vaccine designs. The demonstration of gp41 immunodominance in memory B cells of both adult and neonatal RMs indicated that early vaccination could not overcome gp41 dominant responses.

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“…Several human studies have found that dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake alters intestinal microbiota composition [31][32][33][34][35], and taxa increased in association with omega-3 fatty acid intake have been observed to include producers of SCFA [31][32][33]36]. In addition to potentially increasing SCFA production, PUFA can be metabolized by human gut microbes to produce metabolites including conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) [37,38].…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolomics of Asthma

et al. 2020

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In this review, we discuss gut microbial-derived metabolites involved with the origins and pathophysiology of asthma, a chronic respiratory disease that is influenced by the microbiome. Although both gut and airway microbiomes may be important in asthma development, we focus here on the gut microbiome and metabolomic pathways involved in immune system ontogeny. Metabolite classes with existing evidence that microbial-derived products influence asthma risk include short chain fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and bile acids. While tryptophan metabolites and sphingolipids have known associations with asthma, additional research is needed to clarify the extent to which the microbiome contributes to the effects of these metabolites on asthma. These metabolite classes can influence immune function in one of two ways: (i) promoting growth or maturity of certain immune cell populations or (ii) influencing antigenic load by enhancing the number or species of specific bacteria. A more comprehensive understanding of how gut microbes and metabolites interact to modify asthma risk and morbidity will pave the way for targeted diagnostics and treatments. Introduction: Microbiome-Metabolome Associations in AsthmaAsthma and other allergic diseases have well known associations with early life environmental exposures that modify the gut microbiota, such as living on a farm, mode of delivery, breastfeeding status and having a dog in the home [1]. As mounting animal and human data point to a prominent role of the gut microbiome in asthma development [2], relevant metabolomic mechanisms behind this association are beginning to be elucidated [3]. Integration of metabolomic data with gut microbiome data has been particularly fruitful in understanding the gut-lung axis as it pertains to asthma. Here, we review a set of metabolites and metabolite groups that appear to link the gut microbiota with asthma development and pathophysiology and immune system ontology. Some of these classes, such as short chain fatty acids, are relatively well-studied and understood, while others, including the sphingolipids, include more numerous metabolites with less straightforward relationships to asthma and allergy. While we focus here on the metabolite classes most prominently discussed in today's literature, future unbiased studies of asthma metabolomics are likely to identify additional important pathways.

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Enteral High Fat-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Blend Alters the Pathogen Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Premature Infants with an Enterostomy

Cited by 49 publications

References 41 publications

Lactational Stage of Pasteurized Human Donor Milk Contributes to Nutrient Limitations for Infants

Lactational Stage of Pasteurized Human Donor Milk Contributes to Nutrient Limitations for Infants

HIV DNA-Adenovirus Multiclade Envelope Vaccine Induces gp41 Antibody Immunodominance in Rhesus Macaques

Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolomics of Asthma

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