Enteral (oral or tube administration) nutritional support and eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with cancer: A systematic review

Elia, Marinos; Schueren, Marian A.E. de van der; Garvey, Julius; Goedhart, Annemiek C.; Lundholm, Kent; Nitenberg, Gérard; Stratton, Rebecca J.

doi:10.3892/ijo.28.1.5

Cited by 77 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(293 reference statements)

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“…These findings were confirmed in a more recent metaanalysis of RCT in cancer patients by Elia et al (29) .…”

Section: Comparing Parenteral With Enteral Nutritionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Peri-operative nutritional management

Bozzetti

2011

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The metabolic response to surgical trauma is mainly characterised by an increase in BMR, a negative N balance, increased gluconeogenesis and increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins. These reactions aim at ensuring the availability of endogenous substrates for healing wounds while the synthesis of acute-phase proteins enhances the scavenging process and helps repair. However, if this process is excessive or continues for too long, it leads to a progressive depletion of body compartment with a consequent adverse outcome. Obviously, the severity of such depletion is magnified if the patient is starving or is already malnourished and the consumption of lean body mass is not compensated by an exogenous supply of nutrients. The nutritional control of this metabolic reaction represents the traditional rationale for nutritional support of surgical patients. Subsequent data have shown that the negative effects of starvation are not simply due to the starvation per se but due to the starving gut, and peri-operative enteral nutrition has proven successful in blunting the metabolic response after injury and improving protein kinetics, net balance and amino acid flux across peripheral tissue and consequently in decreasing the complications. Finally, further clinical research has shown that many postoperative infections may result from immune suppression and that such state might be reversed to some degree by modulation of the immune response through specialised nutritional support in surgical patients, regardless of their nutritional status. This paper will focus on the updated evidence-based research on peri-operative nutrition (parenteral, enteral and immune-enhancing) in patients undergoing major surgery. Peri-operative parenteral nutrition: Peri-operative enteral nutrition: Peri-operative immunonutritionThe metabolic response to surgical trauma is mainly characterised by an increase in BMR, a negative N balance, increased gluconeogenesis and increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins. These reactions aim at ensuring the availability of endogenous substrates for healing wounds while the synthesis of acute-phase proteins enhances the scavenging process and helps repair. However, if this process is excessive or continues for too long, it leads to a progressive depletion of body compartments with a consequent adverse outcome. Obviously, the severity of such depletion is magnified if the patient is starving or is already malnourished and the consumption of lean body mass is not compensated by an exogenous supply of nutrients.The nutritional control of this metabolic reaction has represented the traditional rationale for nutritional support of surgical patients because it is understood that severe weight loss ( ‡ 10% of the usual body weight) is associated with an increased risk of surgical complications (1) . This increased risk of complications due to the presence of malnutrition (evaluated as severity of the weight loss or with the use of more complex scores including anthropometric, biologic or immunologic parameters)...

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“…These findings were confirmed in a more recent metaanalysis of RCT in cancer patients by Elia et al (29) .…”

Section: Comparing Parenteral With Enteral Nutritionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Peri-operative nutritional management

Bozzetti

2011

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined the role of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing cancer-related cachexia [163][164][165]. The strictest of the three only includes five studies and suggests that the literature is insufficient to judge whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is superior to placebo in treating cachexia.…”

Section: Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterogeneity existed in the composition of the x3FA supplements and the mode of delivery, but lower fat formulas appeared to be better tolerated. Looking specifically at radiation therapy patients, pooling of available data suggested that use of x3FA-rich nutritional formulas lead to a significant increase in dietary intake of approximately 380 kcal per day when compared with routine care [165]. A closer examination of some individual studies provides clinically useful information.…”

Section: Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplement Use in Cancer Care: Help or Harm

Hardy

2008

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

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“…A meta-analysis on the influence of nutritional support on adverse outcomes in cancer patients, showed no advantage for the intervention arms [37]. It was noted that the lack of effect might be attributed to poor study designs and heterogeneous patient populations.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of nutritional interventions in order to improve these outcomes has not been clearly established yet [35,37,38]. A meta-analysis on the influence of nutritional support on adverse outcomes in cancer patients, showed no advantage for the intervention arms [37].…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor nutritional status is associated with other geriatric domain impairments and adverse postoperative outcomes in onco-geriatric surgical patients – A multicentre cohort study

Huisman

Veronese

Audisio

et al. 2016

European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)

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Somasundar, P S et al. (2016) Poor nutritional status is associated with other geriatric domain impairments and adverse postoperative outcomes in onco-geriatric surgical patients -a multicentre cohort study. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 42 (7). pp. 1009 -1017 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/60520/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Accepted Manuscript M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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Enteral (oral or tube administration) nutritional support and eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with cancer: A systematic review

Cited by 77 publications

References 78 publications

Peri-operative nutritional management

Peri-operative nutritional management

Dietary Supplement Use in Cancer Care: Help or Harm

Poor nutritional status is associated with other geriatric domain impairments and adverse postoperative outcomes in onco-geriatric surgical patients – A multicentre cohort study

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