Enteral β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

Kao, Michelle; Columbus, Daniel A; Suryawan, Agus; Steinhoff‐Wagner, Julia; Hernandez-García, Adriana; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Fiorotto, Marta L.; Davis, Teresa A.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00520.2015

Cited by 24 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(124 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, intravenous infusion of HMB with increasing doses in neonatal piglets for one hour leads to mTOR activation and an increase in muscle protein synthesis [ 65 ]. HMB supplementation also increased skeletal muscle protein anabolism in neonates by stimulation of protein synthesis and satellite cell proliferation [ 66 ]. A novel study reported that HMB enhances the gain of skeletal muscle mass by increasing protein synthesis or/and attenuating protein degradation, and improves protein anabolism in muscles by increasing phosphorylation of protein anabolic molecules [ 67 ].…”

Section: Roles Of Bcaas In Nutrition Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism

Nie

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJMS

541

360

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), play critical roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, nutrition metabolism, gut health, immunity and disease in humans and animals. As the most abundant of essential amino acids (EAAs), BCAAs are not only the substrates for synthesis of nitrogenous compounds, they also serve as signaling molecules regulating metabolism of glucose, lipid, and protein synthesis, intestinal health, and immunity via special signaling network, especially phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal pathway. Current evidence supports BCAAs and their derivatives as the potential biomarkers of diseases such as insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). These diseases are closely associated with catabolism and balance of BCAAs. Hence, optimizing dietary BCAA levels should have a positive effect on the parameters associated with health and diseases. This review focuses on recent findings of BCAAs in metabolic pathways and regulation, and underlying the relationship of BCAAs to related disease processes.

show abstract

Section: Roles Of Bcaas In Nutrition Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism

Nie

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJMS

541

360

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is 6 to 7-fold higher than the highest levels fed to newborn term pigs that increased fractional rates of protein synthesis in several tissues (80 μmol/kg-day [ 36 ]) and the 70 μmol/kg-day that increased growth of IUGR term pigs [ 19 ]. Although not measured in the present study, plasma HMB concentrations are reported as ~1/1000 of the enteral dose [ 36 ]. Although speculative, the HP+HMB pigs would potentially have plasma concentrations of ~400 nmol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Responses of Preterm Pigs Fed Formulas with Different Protein Levels and Supplemented with Leucine or β-Hydroxyl β-Methylbutyrate

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth after preterm birth is an important determinant of long-term outcomes. Yet, many preterm infants suffer ex utero growth retardation. We evaluated effects of leucine and the metabolite, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on growth of preterm pigs, a previously-validated translational model for preterm infants. After 48 h of parenteral nutrition preterm pigs were fed for 6 to 7 days isocaloric formulas with different levels of protein (50 or 100 g/L) with leucine (10 g/L, 76 mM) or HMB (at 1.1 g/L, 4 mM) added to stimulate protein synthesis or with alanine (6.8 g/L; 76 mM) as the control. Rates of growth of pigs fed the low protein formula with alanine (3.4 ± 0.2% gain per day) or leucine (3.7 ± 0.2) exceeded that of pigs fed the high protein formula (2.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.02 for comparison with both low protein formulas; p = 0.01 compared with low protein + leucine). Supplementing the high protein formula with leucine or HMB did not increase growth relative to alanine (2.72 ± 0.20, 2.74 ± 0.27, and 2.52 ± 0.20, respectively). Small pigs (<700 g birth weight) grew slower during parenteral nutrition and had a more pronounced response to leucine. Females fed the high protein formulas grew faster than males, and particularly for small pigs (p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen values were lower for pigs fed the low versus the high protein formulas (p < 0.05). Leucine and HMB improved growth of preterm pigs fed low, but not high protein formulas, even after controlling for birth weight and sex, which independently correlated with growth rates. They offer an option to improve growth without increasing the amino acid load, with its attendant metabolic disadvantages.

show abstract

“…One of the first described mechanisms of HMB action was the effect on muscle protein metabolism. Preliminary studies suggest that HMB protects the skeletal muscle by inhibiting protein degradation ( 5 ) and by stimulating protein synthesis ( 6 ) ; however, this issue is subjected to constant research ( 17 ) . Functional analyses have demonstrated significant DEG enrichment of terms associated with cellular protein maintenance (Table 3, Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adult skeletal muscle, regeneration and hypertrophy depend on the activation of mononucleated, muscle precursor cells called satellite cells (SC) ( 15 ) , embedded between the sarcolemma and the basement membrane of muscle fibres. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that HMB may activate SC ( 8 , 10 , 16 , 17 ) , but the mechanism underlying this action remains unclear. Some evidence suggests that HMB regulates the expression of myogenesis-related genes ( 8 ) ; however, until now, no one has demonstrated any effect of HMB on global gene expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of equine satellite cell transcriptomic profile response toβ-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a popular ergogenic aid used by human athletes and as a supplement to sport horses, because of its ability to aid muscle recovery, improve performance and body composition. Recent findings suggest that HMB may stimulate satellite cells and affect expressions of genes regulating skeletal muscle cell growth. Despite the scientific data showing benefits of HMB supplementation in horses, no previous study has explained the mechanism of action of HMB in this species. The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular background of HMB action on equine skeletal muscle by investigating the transcriptomic profile changes induced by HMB in equine satellite cells in vitro. Upon isolation from the semitendinosus muscle, equine satellite cells were cultured until the 2nd day of differentiation. Differentiating cells were incubated with HMB for 24 h. Total cellular RNA was isolated, amplified, labelled and hybridised to microarray slides. Microarray data validation was performed with real-time quantitative PCR. HMB induced differential expressions of 361 genes. Functional analysis revealed that the main biological processes influenced by HMB in equine satellite cells were related to muscle organ development, protein metabolism, energy homoeostasis and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that HMB has the potential to influence equine satellite cells by controlling global gene expression. Genes and biological processes targeted by HMB in equine satellite cells may support HMB utility in improving growth and regeneration of equine skeletal muscle; however, the overall role of HMB in horses remains equivocal and requires further proteomic, biochemical and pharmacokinetic studies.

show abstract

Enteral β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

Cited by 24 publications

References 83 publications

Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism

Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism

Growth Responses of Preterm Pigs Fed Formulas with Different Protein Levels and Supplemented with Leucine or β-Hydroxyl β-Methylbutyrate

Characterisation of equine satellite cell transcriptomic profile response toβ-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About