Enteric Viruses of Nonhuman Primates

Kalter, S. S.

doi:10.1177/030098588201907s05

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several simian virus VP1 sequences are greater than 75% identical to one another (greater than 85% amino acid identity), suggesting that the true number of distinct serotypes among the viruses surveyed is less than 20 (Tables 3, 4, and 5). The SV4 and SV28 VP1 sequences are 98.6% identical to one another (98.3% amino acid identity) (Table 5), supporting previous antigenic comparisons that identified these two viruses as variants of a single serotype (16). SV4 and SV28 are also 84.1 and 83.8% identical to A-2 plaque virus (95.9 and 95.6% amino acid identity), respectively, indicating that A-2 plaque virus is also a member of this same serotype (Table 4).…”

Section: Only Sv35 Is Not Fully Resolved From Members Of Other Speciesupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The nonhuman primate picornaviruses were isolated in the 1950s to 1970s from primate cell cultures during the development of general tissue culture methods, from primary cell cultures used in vaccine production, or from specimens derived from captive or wild-caught primates used in biomedical research (5,9,16,18,32). All of the 20 recognized simian picornavirus serotypes are currently classified as tentative members of the Enterovirus genus, but they are not yet assigned to a species (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Phylogeny and Proposed Classification of the Simian Picornaviruses

Oberste

Maher

Pallansch

2002

J Virol

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The simian picornaviruses were isolated from various primate tissues during the development of general tissue culture methods in the 1950s to 1970s or from specimens derived from primates used in biomedical research. Twenty simian picornavirus serotypes are recognized, and all are presently classified within the Enterovirus genus. To determine the phylogenetic relationships among all of the simian picornaviruses and to evaluate their classification, we have determined complete VP1 sequences for 19 of the 20 serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A13, SV19, SV26, SV35, SV43, and SV46 are members of human enterovirus species A, a group that contains enterovirus 71 and 11 of the coxsackie A viruses. SA5 is a member of human enterovirus species B, which contains the echoviruses, coxsackie B viruses, coxsackievirus A9, and enterovirus 69. SV6, N125, and N203 are related to one another and, more distantly, to species A human enteroviruses, but could not be definitely assigned to a species. SV4 and SV28 are closely related to one another and to A-2 plaque virus, but distinct from other enteroviruses, suggesting that these simian viruses are members of a new enterovirus species. SV2, SV16, SV18, SV42, SV44, SV45, and SV49 are related to one another but distinct from viruses in all other picornavirus genera, suggesting that they may comprise a previously unknown genus in Picornaviridae. Several simian virus VP1 sequences (N125 and N203; SV4 and SV28; SV19, SV26, and SV35; SV18 and SV44; SV16, SV42, and SV45) are greater than 75% identical to one another (and/or greater than 85% amino acid identity), suggesting that the true number of distinct serotypes among the viruses surveyed is less than 20.

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Section: Only Sv35 Is Not Fully Resolved From Members Of Other Speciesupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogeny and Proposed Classification of the Simian Picornaviruses

Oberste

Maher

Pallansch

2002

J Virol

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“…On the other hand, one can conclude that SV6 was probably present only in the mangabeys and not in the macaques. There are few data to associate simian enterovirus infection with specific diseases in primates (10). There have been reports of minor central nervous system lesions in experimentally infected animals (10), but most simian enterovirus isolations have been from specimens derived from healthy animals (1,3,4,6,7,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65 to 85% identical to one another in this same region (20) Serologic studies have suggested that some of the simian enteroviruses may be transmissible from primates to humans, primarily animal handlers, and that human enteroviruses may also be transmissible to certain primate species (11). Despite their prevalence, enteroviruses are not commonly associated with disease in monkeys (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Enteroviruses in Naturally Infected Captive Primates

Nix¹,

Jiang

Maher³

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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In a recent study, we investigated cases of diarrheal disease among monkeys at a U.S. primate center. In that study, enteroviruses were detected in a high proportion of the fecal specimens tested. To determine whether the enterovirus detections represented the circulation of one or more simian enteroviruses within the colony or the transmission of human enteroviruses from animal handlers, we determined in the present study the serotype identity of each virus by reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing of a portion of the VP1 gene, a region whose sequence corresponds to antigenic type. Enteroviruses were identified in 37 of 56 specimens (66%), 30 of 40 rhesus macaques, 5 of 11 pigtail macaques, 2 of 4 sooty mangabeys, and 0 of 1 chimpanzee. No previously known human viruses were detected. Three previously known simian enterovirus serotypes-SV6, SV19, and SV46-were among the viruses identified, but more than half of the identified viruses were previously unknown; these have been assigned as new types: EV92 and EV103.

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“…Rectal swab k k * Taken from the ATCC catalogue and Kalter (1982). † Successful amplification and sequencing of the 5h NCR and 3D polymerase regions is indicated by j ; k, not amplified.…”

Section: Macaca Mulattamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between simian and human enteroviruses.

Pöyry

Kinnunen

Hovi

et al. 1999

Journal of General Virology

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Partial sequences from two genomic regions of simian enteroviruses were analysed and their relatedness to other picornaviruses was compared. Of the 18 simian viruses included in the analysis, sequences were obtained from eleven strains for at least one genomic region. In the 5h non-coding region, SV6, SV19, SV26, SV35, SV43 and SV46 (simian viruses) and BA13 (baboon virus) clearly grouped together with human enteroviruses, whereas SV4, SV28 and SA4 (South African isolate) were more distantly related. In the 3D RNA polymerasecoding region, SV26, SV35, SV43 and SV46 could be clearly identified as enteroviruses and fell into the previously defined cluster A, which contains such human viruses as coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71. However, although SV6 and BA13 were also enterovirus-like, they did not belong to any known genetic cluster of human enteroviruses. Moreover, while SV18 could be recognized as a picornavirus, it did not directly group with members of the genus Enterovirus.Picornaviruses are notable pathogens of man and some domestic animals. The genus Enterovirus includes the human pathogens polio-, coxsackie-and echoviruses and enteroviruses 68-71, together with a number of viruses which have been isolated from other animal species. Although our understanding about the molecular characteristics of human enteroviruses has rapidly increased during the past few decades, little is known about other members of the genus. This information would be important in order to understand evolutionary mechanisms and host tropism of enteroviruses, and RNA viruses in general. Moreover, the data would cast new light on the potential emergence of new enteroviruses.The extensive use of monkey kidney cell cultures for production of poliovirus vaccines and the use of live monkeys to test for the safety of the vaccine preparations has led to the discovery of several previously unrecognized viral pathogens.

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Enteric Viruses of Nonhuman Primates

Abstract: Abstract. The phylogenetic relationship of nonhuman primates to man implies that many of these animals could serve as surrogates for studies of diseases of man.

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular Phylogeny and Proposed Classification of the Simian Picornaviruses

Molecular Phylogeny and Proposed Classification of the Simian Picornaviruses

Identification of Enteroviruses in Naturally Infected Captive Primates

Relationships between simian and human enteroviruses.

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