Enterobacter cloacae Septicemia in a Bum Center: Epidemiology and Control of an Outbreak

Mayhall, C. Glen; Lamb, V. A.; Gayle, William E.; Haynes, B. W.

doi:10.1093/infdis/139.2.166

Cited by 75 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Of the control subjects 4 % had Enterobacteriaceae on their hands compared to 1-5 % of nurses. There are many reports of hand carriage of aerobic Gram-negative rods by health care workers; however, the vast majority of these have been carried out during the investigation of outbreaks of nosocomial infection (Buxton et al 1978;Knittle, Eitzman & Baer, 1975;Lowbury & Fox, 1954;Mayhall et al 1979;Parry et al 1980;Selwyn, 1965;Shulman, Terry & Hough, 1971). In the studies carried out in the endemic situation (Ayliffe et al 1979;Brown & Baublis, 1977;Bruun & Solberg, 1973;Casewell & Phillips, 1977;Larson, Strom & Evans, 1980;McBride et al 1972McBride et al , 1974Polk & Lopex, 1972;Salzman, Clark & Klemm, 1968) sampling techniques have varied and often speciation of the bacteria isolated was not performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand carriage of aerobic Gram-negative rods by health care personnel

Adams

Marrie

1982

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYA quantitative culture technique (hand washed in a glove containing broth for 30 s) was used to determine the frequency ofhand carriage ofaerobic Gram-negative rods by various groups of health care workers and 104 control subjects. Overall, 31 % of health care workers carried aerobic Gram-negative rods on their hands compared to 59 % of control subjects (P < 0-001). Enterobacter agglomerans accounted for 40 % of the isolates, and other Enterobacter spp. 7 %. Other organisms included Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 21 %, Serratia spp. 11 %, Klebsiella spp. 10 %, Moraxella spp. 3 %, Pseudomonas spp. 3 %, Proteus spp. 1V5 %, Escherichia coli 1 %; Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas sp. and an isolate that was not speciated accounted for 0 5 % each. We conclude that endemic hand carriage ofaerobic Gram-negative rods by health care personnel is common, but significantly less than that of control subjects. Enterobacter agglomerans is found so frequently on the hands of control subjects that it must be considered part of the normal hand flora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand carriage of aerobic Gram-negative rods by health care personnel

Adams

Marrie

1982

J. Hyg.

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“…Burn unit outbreaks of infection were attributed mainly to contaminated Hubbard hydrotherapy tanks or water but in other cases to contaminated surfaces such as the patient's mattress (126,274,280,397,436). Despite the recognized infection risk of immersion hydrotherapy treatment in burn units, this was standard practice in many specialized burn centers until the 1990s.…”

Section: Impact Of Changes In Burn Wound Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Burn Wound Infections

Church

Elsayed

Reid³

et al. 2006

Clin Microbiol Rev

1,622

1,345

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SUMMARYBurns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. Patients with serious thermal injury require immediate specialized care in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Significant thermal injuries induce a state of immunosuppression that predisposes burn patients to infectious complications. A current summary of the classifications of burn wound infections, including their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, is given. Early excision of the eschar has substantially decreased the incidence of invasive burn wound infection and secondary sepsis, but most deaths in severely burn-injured patients are still due to burn wound sepsis or complications due to inhalation injury. Burn patients are also at risk for developing sepsis secondary to pneumonia, catheter-related infections, and suppurative thrombophlebitis. The introduction of silver-impregnated devices (e.g., central lines and Foley urinary catheters) may reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections due to prolonged placement of these devices. Improved outcomes for severely burned patients have been attributed to medical advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary and burn wound care, and infection control practices.

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“…It is ubiquitous and can survive on skin and dry surfaces and replicate in contaminated fluids. Numerous outbreaks have been described, including infections due to contaminated enteral feedings (Simmons et al, 1989), humidifiers and respiratory therapy equipment (Wang et al, 1991) and hydrotherapy water in a burn unit (Mayhall et al, 1979).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance by Enterobacter spp. towards several antimicrobial drugs and heavy metals: A review

M¹,

Bagde²

2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Antimicrobial resistance developed in several pathogens poses an increasing threat to human health across the world. No country can escape from the medical and economic impacts from this serious problem. Although the antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, the current magnitude and speed with which it is developing is a cause for the global concern including in India. There are so many common diseases resulting from the microorganisms such as blood stream infections, urinary tract infections, post-operative wound infections and intra-abdominal infections. In this review the antimicrobial susceptibility or resistance of Enterobacter towards antimicrobial agents and heavy metals, viz. ceftazidime, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethaxazole, and nickel and lead is discussed briefly along with other antimicrobials and heavy metals. The mechanisms behind the resistance by Enterobacter was analyzed and evaluated by many workers after using currently employed susceptibility testing methods for Enterobacter spp. There are some factors influencing mode of action of fluoroquinolones, quinolones and sulfamethaxazole. History, classification, identification, clinical features and treatment of infections and the epidemiology of antimicrobials (drugs and heavy metals) resistance by the Enterobacter spp. is included in this review. Now a day, antimicrobial resistance is common in hospitals where acquired infections can be perilous. This situation compels scientists to synthesize new antibiotics and treatment modalities. Enterobacter causes nosocomial infections. It is ubiquitous and can survive on skin and dry surfaces and replicate in contaminated fluids. Numerous outbreaks have been described. Various mechanisms have been adapted by microorganisms to resist toxicity of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial drugs may be rendered inactive or ineffective by the major ways such as barrier to antibiotic entry into the bacterial cell, prevention of the antibiotic from reaching the target, often by extrusion, alteration of the target of the drug and inactivation of the antibiotic by modification or destruction. In addition, bacteria may be able to bypass the metabolic pathway affected by a particular drug or may be able to overproduce an enzyme that is inhibited by the drug action, more than one mechanism may operate at any given time

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Enterobacter cloacae Septicemia in a Bum Center: Epidemiology and Control of an Outbreak

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

Hand carriage of aerobic Gram-negative rods by health care personnel

Hand carriage of aerobic Gram-negative rods by health care personnel

Burn Wound Infections

Resistance by Enterobacter spp. towards several antimicrobial drugs and heavy metals: A review

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