Enterobacter sakazakii: a review

Nazarowec-White, M.; Farber, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(96)01172-5

Cited by 257 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Seizure activity has been reported in about one-third of the cases of neonatal C. sakazakii meningitis, with physiological responses including grunting, bulging fontanelles, convulsions, twitching and an increase in cranial circumference 31,51 . C. sakazakii was first implicated in a case of neonatal meningitis in 1958, and since then there have been around 70 reported cases of C. sakazakii infections 72 .…”

Section: Meningitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronobacter Sakazakii: An Emerging Contaminant in Pediatric Infant Milk Formula

Arsalan¹,

Anwar²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2016

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii is a motile, Gram-negative, non-sporing yellow pigmented rod, which belongs to lethal Enterobacteriaceae family. C. sakazakii is ubiquitously found in air, soil, floor drains, and dry product processing environment. It has been isolated from hospitals, clinical materials, and cutting fluids and is also present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, sputum, throat, nose, stool, gut, skin, wounds, bone marrow, eye, ear and breast abscesses. C. sakazakii is a virulent pathogen and can adhere to silicon, latex, polycarbonate, and stainless steel. Therefore, Feeding-bottles or utensils used to prepare pediatric infant formula (PIF) should be thoroughly cleaned to diminish the development of biofilms, which could be the source of infections. Due to its virulence, C. sakazakii causes life threatening infections such as septicemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteriamia and meningitis. Hence, the regulatory authorities such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Health Canada strongly recommend breast-feeding over the bottle-feed to minimize the risk of infections caused by C. sakazakii.

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Section: Meningitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronobacter Sakazakii: An Emerging Contaminant in Pediatric Infant Milk Formula

Arsalan¹,

Anwar²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2016

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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“…19,[52][53][54] Reconstituted PIF is the most associated vehicle for transmission of the pathogen, being an intrinsic or extrinsic contaminant during manufacturing under poor good manufacturing practices (GMP) or reconstitution of PIF (Table 1). 2,16,38, [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] The presence of the pathogen as vaginal microflora has been neglected by several studies however, babies delivered through birth canal or Caesarean section (C-section) have been contracted with the pathogen few days after birth. 4,22,65…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into virulence factors determining the pathogenicity ofCronobacter sakazakii

2015

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“…The organism has also been associated with necrotizing enterocolitis; however, it has not been firmly established as a causative agent (8)(9)(10). Reported outcomes are often severe: seizures; brain abscess; hydrocephalus; developmental delay; and death in as many as 40%-80% of cases (11). Premature infants are thought to be at greater risk than more mature infants, other children, or adults, and outbreaks of disease have occurred in hospital units for newborns (1,2,4,6,(8)(9)(10)12).…”

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confidence: 99%