Enterobacteria associated with grass and silages

Heron, Shirley Jean Elizabeth; Wilkinson, John F.; Duffus, C. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb03401.x

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Bach et al (3) demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 was eliminated from barley silage during a rapid ensiling fermentation, and Heron et al (11) and Byrne et al (7) obtained similar results for grass silage which was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7. However, it has been reported that E. coli O157:H7 might develop acid resistance through induction of an acid tolerance response and, consequently, would be able to survive at a pH as low as 3.4 (5,12).…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

“…A slow decline in the silage pH favors the growth of enterobacteria, whereas rapid ensiling hastens elimination of these organisms (3,11). Pathogenic strains of E. coli can cause severe illness in humans and animals, and the toxin-producing organism E. coli O157:H7 is of special concern; if conditions in silage are favorable for growth of this bacterium, it may cause intestinal disorders and mastitis in animals that consume the silage (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of Escherichia coli during Ensiling of Wheat and Corn

Chen

Sela

Gamburg

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A recombinant Escherichia coli strain carrying a plasmid with an antibiotic resistance marker and expressing the green fluorescent protein was inoculated at a concentration of 3.8 ؋ 10 8 CFU/g into direct-cut wheat (348 g of dry matter kg ؊1 ), wilted wheat (450 g of dry matter kg ؊1 ), and corn (375 g of dry matter kg ؊1 ). The forages were ensiled in mini-silos. The treatments included control (no E. coli added), application of tagged E. coli, and delayed sealing of the inoculated wheat. Three silos per treatment were sampled on predetermined dates, and the numbers of E. coli were determined on Chromocult TBX medium with or without kanamycin. Colonies presumptively identified as E. coli were also tested for fluorescence activity. Addition of E. coli at the time of ensiling resulted in a more rapid decrease in the pH but had almost no effect on the chemical composition of the final silages or their aerobic stability. E. coli disappeared from the silages when the pH decreased below 5.0. It persisted longer in silages of wilted wheat, in which the pH declined more slowly. Control silages of all crops also contained bacteria, presumptively identified as E. coli, that were resistant to the antibiotic, which suggests that some epiphytic strains are naturally resistant to antibiotics.

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supporting

confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Escherichia coli during Ensiling of Wheat and Corn

Chen

Sela

Gamburg

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A rapid and sufficient decline in pH therefore decreases enterobacterial growth and survival in silage (13). However, the presence of oxygen prolongs their survival in silage (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common silo types are clamps with two or three concrete sidewalls, clamps without walls, plastic bags, and foil-wrapped bales. Escherichia coli, and Serratia fonticola (13). The most important species in this group from the viewpoint of the risk to health is E. coli.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the quality of silage on animal health and food safety: A review

Driehuis¹,

Elferink²

2000

Veterinary Quarterly

157

137

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“…These results are supported by Li and Nishino (25), who reported that Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus and Rahnella are often found in pre-ensiled wilted Italian ryegrass crops. Heron et al (26) also reported that Erwinia and Rahnella often dominate in fresh grass, but these genera were not discovered in air-dried corn stover and cabbage waste, indicating that bacterial populations may vary according to pre-ensiled material variety, geographic area, climate or growing stage.…”

Section: Analysis Of Air-dried Corn Stover and Cabbage Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Formic Acid or Acetic Acid on the Mixed-Storage Quality of Air-Dried Maize Stover and Cabbage Wastes and Microbial Community Analysis

Ren

Wang

Fan

et al. 2018

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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SUMMARYA mixture of air-dried corn stover and cabbage waste was ensiled to preserve lignocellulosic biomass for use as biofuel. Furthermore, the effects of different fresh mass fractions (0.3 and 0.6 %) of formic or acetic acid on the mixed silage quality were evaluated to guarantee its quality. The application of formic or acetic acid prior to mixing the silage led to higher water-soluble carbohydrate fractions than the negative control, indicating that both acids contributed to preservation of water-soluble carbohydrates during storage for 170 days. The dry matter content was also increased after storage from 90 to 170 days. It was found that the content of neutral and acid detergent fibre, cellulose and holocellulose (the sum of cellulose and hemicellulose) in mixed silage treated with formic or acetic acid was significantly lower than that obtained in the negative control. The pH and the ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to total nitrogen in mixed silage treated with acetic acid also significantly decreased. Furthermore, the addition of formic or acetic acid significantly weakened the fermentation intensity of lactic acid, depending on the ratio of lactic to acetic acid, as well as the ratio of lactic acid to total organic acids. The number of bacterial species and their relative abundance shifted during silage mixing, wherein microbial communities at phylum level mainly consisted of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The dominant bacteria were also observed to shift from Lactobacillus and Enterobacter in presilage biomass to Lactobacillus and Paralactobacillus. Specifically, Enterobacter disappeared after 130 days of storage. In conclusion, the addition of a low dose of acetic acid to fresh mass (0.3 %) could effectively improve the fermentation quality and is conducive to the preservation of the organic components.

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Enterobacteria associated with grass and silages

Cited by 71 publications

References 12 publications

Fate of Escherichia coli during Ensiling of Wheat and Corn

Fate of Escherichia coli during Ensiling of Wheat and Corn

The impact of the quality of silage on animal health and food safety: A review

Effects of Formic Acid or Acetic Acid on the Mixed-Storage Quality of Air-Dried Maize Stover and Cabbage Wastes and Microbial Community Analysis

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