“…4 The incidence of nosocomial infections in the field of small animal veterinary medicine is not known but appears to be increasing. 10,11 Nosocomial infections may complicate the course of both medical and surgical diseases. In particular these include the more intensive treatment of critically ill animals with increasing use of invasive devices such as urinary and intravenous (IV) catheters, increased duration of hospitalization, increase in intensive care techniques such as mechanical ventilation, and the wider use of antimicrobial and immunosuppressive drugs.…”