Enteroglial cells act as antigen-presenting cells in chagasic megacolon

Silveira, Alexandre Barcelos Morais da; Oliveira, Ênio Chaves de; Neto, Salustiano Gabriel; Luquetti, Alejandro O.; Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio; Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Brehmer, Axel

doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2010.06.016

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Additionally, we found ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in glial cells of the ENS. Since enteric glial cells serve various functions, including immune-regulation and antigen presentation ( Bassotti et al, 2007 ; da Silveira et al, 2011 ), an infection of these cells would potentially compromise a proper immune response, which in turn might contribute to a systemic spread of disease or a cytokine storm. Similar to this indirect effect of an ENS infection, other functions that are critically influenced by the ENS could suffer and cause additional symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Evidence for the Enteric Nervous System and the Choroid Plexus as Alternative Routes of Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV2

et al. 2020

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Evidence is mounting that the novel corona virus SARS-CoV2 inflicts neurological symptoms in a subgroup of COVID-19 patients. While plenty of theories on the route of neuroinvasion have been proposed, little histological evidence has been presented supporting any of these hypotheses. Therefore, we carried out immunostainings for ACE2 and TMPRSS2, two proteinases crucial for the entry of SARS-CoV2 into host cells, in the human enteric nervous system (ENS), as well as in the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles. Both of these sites are important, yet often neglected entry gates to the nervous system. We found that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed by enteric neurons and glial cells of the small and large intestine, as well as choroid plexus epithelial cells, indicating that these cells meet the molecular requirements for viral entry. Together, our results are fundamental histological evidence substantiating current theories of neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Evidence for the Enteric Nervous System and the Choroid Plexus as Alternative Routes of Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV2

et al. 2020

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“…The expression of molecules responsible for activation of T cells by neurons and enteric glial cells was investigated and shows only enteric glial cells of Chagasic patients with megacolon expressed HLA-DR complex class II and costimulatory molecules [78]. Therefore, the development of megacolon after acute infection with T. cruzi is associated with a maintained invasion of enteric ganglia with cytotoxic T cells and loss of muscle innervation.…”

Section: Genetic Studies Of Chagas Disease Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologic and Genetics Aspects of Chagas Disease at Endemic Areas

Bellini

Silistino-Souza

Varella‐Garcia

et al. 2012

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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The etiologic agent of Chagas Disease is theTrypanosoma cruzi, transmitted through blood-sucking insect vectors of the Triatominae subfamily, representing one of the most serious public health concerns in Latin America. There are geographic variations in the prevalence of clinical forms and morbidity of Chagas disease, likely due to genetic variation of theT. cruziand the host genetic and environmental features. Increasing evidence has supported that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the generation of the inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms, protein expression levels, and genomic imbalances are associated with disease progression. This paper discusses these key aspects. Large surveys were carried out in Brazil and served as baseline for definition of the control measures adopted. However, Chagas disease is still active, and aspects such as host-parasite interactions, genetic mechanisms of cellular interaction, genetic variability, and tropism need further investigations in the attempt to eradicate the disease.

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“…EGC share many phenotypical features with astrocytes, and were long believed to function mainly as support cells for neurons. However, emerging evidence has elucidated their regulatory role in a wide array of GI physiological aznd pathophysiological processes[6], including neurotransmission[7,8], motility[9-11], and inflammation[8], as well as in secretory/absorptive[12,13], barrier[8,14-16] and repair[17] functions of the intestinal epithelium and host defense against pathogens[18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-immunoreactive signals in murine enteric glial cells

Yamamoto

Nishiyama

Iizuka

et al. 2016

WJG

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AIMTo investigate the possible involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in maturation of enteric glial cells (EGCs).METHODSImmunohistochemical and immunocytochemical techniques were used to analyze EGC markers in myenteric plexus (MP) as well as cultured MP cells and EGCs using TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice.RESULTSWe detected TRPV1-immunoreactive signals in EGC in the MP of wild-type (WT) but not KO mice. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive signals was lower at postnatal day (PD) 6 in KO mice, though the difference was not clear at PD 13 and PD 21. When MP cells were isolated and cultured from isolated longitudinal muscle-MP preparation from WT and KO mice, the yield of KO EGC was lower than that of WT EGC, while the yield of KO and WT smooth muscle cells showed no difference. Addition of BCTC, a TRPV1 antagonist, to enriched EGC culture resulted in a decrease in the protein ratio of GFAP to S100B, another EGC/astrocyte-specific marker.CONCLUSIONThese results address the possibility that TRPV1 may be involved in the maturation of EGC, though further studies are necessary to validate this possibility.

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Enteroglial cells act as antigen-presenting cells in chagasic megacolon

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Histological Evidence for the Enteric Nervous System and the Choroid Plexus as Alternative Routes of Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV2

Histological Evidence for the Enteric Nervous System and the Choroid Plexus as Alternative Routes of Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV2

Biologic and Genetics Aspects of Chagas Disease at Endemic Areas

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-immunoreactive signals in murine enteric glial cells

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