Enterosgel: A Novel Organosilicon Enterosorbent with a Wide Range of Medical Applications

Vg, Nikolaev

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0217-2_21

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In a series of nanostructured silicas with surface functionalities, such as –O) 3 SiCH 3 , –O) 2 Si(CH 3 ) 2 , and –O–Si(CH 3 ) 3 , the degree of hydrophobicity increases, i.e., PMS is less hydrophobic than PDMS. There is a commercial hydrogel with PMS incompletely cross-linked and containing a certain amount of residual silanols (a medicinal sorbent entitled Enterosgel, it contains 7–8 wt.% of PMS and 93–92 wt.% of water, is produced by Kreoma-Pharm, Ukraine, and it is also used as a drug carrier), which represents a gel-like soft material [29,30]. However, pure PDMS is hydrophobic (there are no silanols, and the siloxane bonds tend to be low-polar bonds) and cannot form hydrogels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amorphous silicas are therefore relatively stable despite certain differences in 3–8-member siloxane rings (characterized various values of ∠SiOSi) formed upon the synthesis. Clear, PMS is less flexible than PDMS, but PMS is soft because only three bonds from four ones of each Si atom can take part in cross-linking [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fumed nanosilica and Enterosgel are used in medical applications not only as sorbents but also as drug carriers [17,29,30,40]. Therefore, changes in the textural characteristics of the drug carriers can strongly affect the drug release upon the medical applications of the drug delivery systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured Polymethylsiloxane/Fumed Silica Blends

et al. 2019

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Polymethylsiloxane (PMS) and fumed silica, alone and in a blended form (1:1 w/w), differently pretreated, hydrated, and treated again, were studied using TEM and SEM, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, 1H MAS and 29Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and methods of quantum chemistry. Analysis of the effects of adding water (0–0.5 g of water per gram of solids) to the blends while they are undergoing different mechanical treatment (stirring with weak (~1–2 kg/cm2) and strong (~20 kg/cm2) loading) show that both dry and wetted PMS (as a soft material) can be grafted onto a silica surface, even with weak mechanical loading, and enhanced mechanical loading leads to enhanced homogenization of the blends. The main evidence of this effect is strong nonadditive changes in the textural characteristics, which are 2–3 times smaller than additive those expected. All PMS/nanosilica blends, demonstrating a good distribution of nanosilica nanoparticles and their small aggregates in the polymer matrix (according to TEM and SEM images), are rather meso/microporous, with the main pore-size distribution peaks at R > 10 nm in radius and average <RV> values of 18–25 nm. The contributions of nanopores (R < 1 nm), mesopores (1 nm < R < 25 nm), and macropores (25 nm < R < 100 nm), which are of importance for studied medical sorbents and drug carriers, depend strongly on the types of the materials and treatments, as well the amounts of water added. The developed technique (based on small additions of water and controlled mechanical loading) allows one to significantly change the morphological and textural characteristics of fumed silica (hydrocompaction), PMS (drying–wetting–drying), and PMS/A-300 blends (wetting–drying under mechanical loading), which is of importance from a practical point of view.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured Polymethylsiloxane/Fumed Silica Blends

et al. 2019

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“…PMSPH possesses a preferential adsorption capacity for larger molecules, such as bacterial toxins and protein degradation products. It also forms a thin layer over the mucosal surface and thus protects it from various damaging factors ( 17 ).…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroadsorbent Polymethylsiloxane Polyhydrate vs. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in the Treatment of Rotaviral Gastroenteritis in Infants and Toddlers, a Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare two adjunct therapies in the treatment of childhood rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). We compared the recommended treatment, probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (BioGaia®), vs. a novel treatment, enterosorbent polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate (Enterosgel®).Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, clinical controlled trial at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases (UHID) in Zagreb, Croatia. A total of 149 children aged 6–36 months with acute rotaviral gastroenteritis over a period of <48 h, with no significant chronic comorbidity, were randomized to receive the standard therapy with L. reuteri DSM 17938 (hereafter L. reuteri) or polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate (hereafter PMSPH) therapy, during 5 days. The primary end point was time to recovery in days in both groups. The recovery was defined as absence of fever and vomiting and either the first firm stool, absence of stool for more than 24 h, or return of usual bowel habit.Results: A total of 75 children were randomized into the L. reuteri group and 74 were randomized into the PMSPH group; after excluding missing data, the data from 65 children in each group were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the treatment efficacy between the two regimens with an estimated median time of recovery of 6 days in both groups (p = 0.754). No significant side effects were observed in either group.Conclusion: Novel enterosorbent PMSPH had a similar efficacy to probiotic L. reuteri in the treatment of rotaviral gastroenteritis in preschool children.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04116307 [October 3, 2019] (retrospectively registered). https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04116307.

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“…V.G. Nikolaev [1,2] defines 14 mechanisms of healing effect of enterosorbents which are represented by four directions (Fig. 1): i ii iii iv Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical aspects of therapeutic effect of enterosorbents (theoretical research)

Геращенко¹

2018

Him. Fiz. Tehnol. Poverhni

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Active promotion of enterosorbents to the market outruns thorough study of the mechanisms of their therapeutic effect. The consumers and even many specialists have a simplified view of the only role of the enterosorbents to fix and remove toxins, that is, act as a "cleaner" of the body. The aim of this paper is to reveal the importance of physicochemical factors for the therapeutic action of enterosorbents. These factors include: (i) electrostatic charge of sorbent surface; (ii) pore size; (iii) accessible area of surface; (iv) hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of surface; (v) ion exchange properties; (vi) capability to structure water. Mentioned factors can be estimated quantitatively using such methods as electrophoresis, gas chromatography, photon correlation and 1 Н NMR spectroscopy, volumetric analysis, etc. However, in pharmaceutical practice, it is more convenient to characterize the enterosorbent by its capability to adsorb some test substances. To examine the above factors, we use oppositely charged dyes methylene blue and congo red, ions of Zn 2+ , gelatin, phenol and amino acid tryptophan. By the help of this approach we have characterized various types of charcoal, nanosized fumed silica (Atoxil), porous Syloid ® 244FP, hydrophobic Aerosil ® R972, silica gel, Enterosgel, fumed alumina, Smecta ® , zeolites, kaolin, any derivatives of cellulose, lignin and other materials. To study the interaction of enterosorbents with the intestinal mucosa, a gel of eye vitreous humor was used as a model. As a result, we concluded that nanosized silica might be considered first of all as enveloping agent, the main mechanism of action of which is interaction with glycoproteins of the intestinal mucosa. Consequently, two therapeutic effects are realized: (1) difficulty forms for diffusion of pathogenic substances through the mucosa that leads to decrease in their absorption; (2) antidiarrheal effect due to protecting mucosal receptors from the adhesion of microorganisms and impact of microbial toxins. Taking into account that the intestinal mucosa throughout its extent, in the pH range from 6.0 to 9.0, is negatively charged, this interaction for silica occurs with the overcoming of electrostatic repulsion. Therefore, the enveloping power of silica is less than that of alumina containing preparations which in the intestine have a positive charge. Generally speaking, the absorbing mechanism of healing action can only be applied to highly porous sorbents such as charcoal, zeolites, silica gel, Syloid ® 244FP, etc.

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Enterosgel: A Novel Organosilicon Enterosorbent with a Wide Range of Medical Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Nanostructured Polymethylsiloxane/Fumed Silica Blends

Nanostructured Polymethylsiloxane/Fumed Silica Blends

Enteroadsorbent Polymethylsiloxane Polyhydrate vs. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in the Treatment of Rotaviral Gastroenteritis in Infants and Toddlers, a Randomized Controlled Trial

Physicochemical aspects of therapeutic effect of enterosorbents (theoretical research)

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