Enterotoxic effects of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the catfish, Clarias gariepinus: Biochemical, histological and proteome analyses

Sellegounder, Durai; Gupta, Yugantak Raj; Murugananthkumar, Raju; Senthilkumaran, B.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.08.008

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In a study considering Nile tilapia, bleeding foci were observed in the kidney due to a bacterial infection (32). In the examination of the liver and pancreas tissues, we noticed vacuolation and nuclear pyknosis, as well as the necrosis of hepatocytes and pancreatic cells, which were similar to the results of other studies (10,31,33). In a study, Afifi et al (2000) attributed these changes to the toxins and extracellular compounds released by A. hydrophila, including hemolysin, proteases, and elastase, in the liver, leading to severe tissue damage and necrosis (34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Evaluation of Its Pathological Effects on Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio)

Alavinezhad¹,

Kazempoor²,

Ghorbanzadeh³

et al. 2021

Iran J Med Microbiol

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In the summer of 2018, this study was performed on 50 Koi fish transferred to Razef Research Complex. In this study, after observing macroscopic symptoms in fish, including lethargy and immobility, imbalance, darkening of the skin, skin wounds, petechiae in the abdomen, opacity of the eye and anophthalmia, anorexia, and sitting on the bottom of the aquarium, sampling was performed to diagnose the pathogens and examine the pathological changes. According to microbial tests on skin samples and internal organs, Aeromonas hydrophila was reported, and septicemia in 48% of the studied fish. In necropsy specimens, the organs were pale, the liver was enlarged, and petechiae were observed on the surface of the liver. The microbial contamination also led to considerable tissue damages, including the destruction of gill filaments, nuclear pycnosis in the liver, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the heads of all fish. Considering the significant losses due to the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila in different fish species and the importance of Koi fish, observing quarantine and hygienic principles to prevent sepsis was very important. Early diagnosis and use of appropriate treatment protocols for this disease are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In fact, the liver can be considered the target organ of A. hydrophila (10). In the histological evaluation of the kidney, similar to the study of Sellegounder et al (2018), infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed (31). In a study considering Nile tilapia, bleeding foci were observed in the kidney due to a bacterial infection (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Evaluation of Its Pathological Effects on Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio)

Alavinezhad¹,

Kazempoor²,

Ghorbanzadeh³

et al. 2021

Iran J Med Microbiol

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“…Recently, the catfish was used as a fish model to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms in A. hydrophila [317], the blocking of aerolysin activity after A. hydrophila infections [316], and the enterotoxic effects after A. hydrophila infection [318], among others.…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity

2020

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The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like gyrB and rpoD or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus Aeromonas of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%). Since aeromonads were first associated with human disease, gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections have dominated. The literature shows that the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas is considered multifactorial and the presence of several virulence factors allows these bacteria to adhere, invade, and destroy the host cells, overcoming the immune host response. Based on current information about the ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the genus Aeromonas, we should assume that the infections these bacteria produce will remain a great health problem in the future. The ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria and the increasing elderly population, to whom these bacteria are an opportunistic pathogen, will facilitate this problem. In addition, using data from outbreak studies, it has been recognized that in cases of diarrhea, the infective dose of Aeromonas is relatively low. These poorly known bacteria should therefore be considered similarly as enteropathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter.

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“…Among the 2,024 protein spots identified, 496 proteins were differentially expressed; most of them were related to cell metabolism, response to stress, cell structure, immunity and ion homeostasis pathways. Furthermore, two‐dimensional proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis of intestine and liver samples from C. gariepinus infected with Aeromonas hydrophila provided insight into host‐pathogen interactions 272 . Unequivocally, further development of proteomic technologies and its wider implementation will certainly help address the current and future challenges in catfish species biology and domestication research.…”

Section: Omic Approaches For Improving Catfish Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, two-dimensional proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis of intestine and liver samples from C. gariepinus infected with Aeromonas hydrophila provided insight into host-pathogen interactions. 272 Unequivocally, further development of proteomic technologies and its wider implementation will certainly help address the current and future challenges in catfish species biology and domestication research.…”

Section: Proteomic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, nutrition, and rearing practices of relevant catfish species (Siluriformes) at early stages

Gisbert

Luz

Fernández

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Catfish (Siluriformes) are important species for aquaculture worldwide, with an annual production in 2018 of ca. 6 million t. This review focuses on reassessing larval development, first feeding, and early rearing practices of the most important farmed catfish species, along with some candidate species for aquaculture diversification: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Pangasiidae), Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae), Ictalurus punctatus (Ictaluridae), Pseudoplatystoma spp. (Pimelodidae), Heteropneustes fossilis (Heteropneustidae), Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae), Ompok bimaculatus (Siluridae), and Lophiosilurus alexandri (Pseudopimelodidade). These species are initially reared indoors from one day to two weeks and are then transferred to fertilised outdoor ponds where they either feed on natural zooplankton or compound feeds. With the exception of C. gariepinus, I. punctatus, R. quelen and P. hypophthalmus, consistent and reliable fry production is a bottleneck that limits the expansion of farming of other species, such as Pseudoplatystoma spp., H. fossilis, O. bimaculatus, and L. alexandri. Rearing systems (extensive, semi‐extensive, intensive) and feeding protocols vary with species and geographical regions. Cannibalism and size heterogeneity are common, and these features create problems for larval and fry rearing of catfish species. Information about their nutritional requirements is required for the formulation of compound feeds that can guarantee high survival and good growth of catfish fries. However, such knowledge for most species is scarce, although some data are available for I. punctatus. Further genomic resources might allow fine‐tuning rearing success. This review describes some successes in this field, and also highlights gaps in knowledge to guide future research that can promote the development of catfish aquaculture.

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Enterotoxic effects of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the catfish, Clarias gariepinus: Biochemical, histological and proteome analyses

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Evaluation of Its Pathological Effects on Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio)

Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Evaluation of Its Pathological Effects on Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio)

An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity

Development, nutrition, and rearing practices of relevant catfish species (Siluriformes) at early stages

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