Enterovirus 71 isolated from China is serologically similar to the prototype E71 BrCr strain but differs in the 5′‐noncoding region

Abstract

Enterovirus 71 H (E71 H), an isolate from an adult patient with hand-food-mouth disease (HFMD) in China, was serologically similar to the prototype strain E71 BrCr, which was isolated from a patient with aseptic meningitis. The study further analyzed the similarity of E71 H to E71 BrCr at the 5'-noncoding region (NCR), a location in genomic RNA that recently was found to be related to neurovirulence in poliovirus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and a unique primer pair I, a 397 bp product was detected from E71 BrCr, Cox A9 (Griggs), Cox A16 (NIH), Cox B1 (HA antigen 201-468), Cox B5 (wild type), and ECHO 11 (Gregory), but not from E71 H, Cox A24 (Joseph), and ECHO 5 (Noyce). However, all of the viruses generated a 154 bp product using a universal enterovirus primer pair II. Further comparative analysis using primer-directed sequencing of both the E71 H and E71 BrCr 154 bp products revealed that they differed by 12 bases. The variations between the two viruses were clustered in two loci, one in the region of nucleotides 43-61 with eight variations, and the other in the region of nucleotides 120-133 with three variations. The differences within the 5'-NCR between the E71 H (HFMD) and the E71 BrCr (aseptic meningitis) viruses might provide a clue to explain why E71 was associated with two different clinical patterns: polio-like disease in the United States. Australia, and Eastern Europe, HFMD in China, Japan, and Singapore.

Direct Detection of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Clinical Specimens from a Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreak in Singapore by Reverse Transcription-PCR with Universal Enterovirus and EV71-Specific Primers

“…Since HFMD may be caused by several enterovirus serotypes and due to the urgency of the outbreak involving four fatalities, a pair of universal pan-enterovirus primers (10,15,16) was employed in RT-PCR and amplicon sequencing to analyze the enterovirus(es) responsible for the outbreak. Twenty-five specimens from 18 nonfatal cases and 26 specimens from 4 fatal cases were tested.…”

“…b Universal pan-enterovirus primers targeting the 5Ј UTR (10,15,16). c EV71 type-specific primers targeting the VP1 region described by Singh et al (12).…”

Enterovirus infection of the central nervous system of humans: lack of association with chronic neurological disease

“…Biotinylated nested-PCR products were sequenced using a direct solid-phase T7-polymerase-mediated nucleotide sequencing strategy, using either a fluorescein-labelled sequencing primer for analysis with an ALF automated DNA sequencer (Pharmacia) as described previously by Nicholson et al (1995), or an unlabelled sequencing primer and Dyedeoxy terminators (Applied Biosystems) for analysis with a 373 automated DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Sequences thus derived were compared with published enterovirus sequences (Chang et al, 1989;Drebot et al, 1994;Hughes et al, 1989;Dahllund e~ al., 1995;Iizuka et al, 1987;Jenkins et al, 1987;Klump et al, 1990;Kraus et al, 1995;Lindberg et al, 1987;Pulli et al, 1995;P6yry et al, 1994;Romero & Rotbart, 1995;Ryan et al, 1990;Supanaranond et al, 1992;Toyoda et al, 1984;Zhang et at., 1993;Zheng et al, 1995), using DNASIS to estabish the likely serotypic identity of viruses detected by PCR.…”

Emergence, Circulation, and Spatiotemporal Phylogenetic Analysis of Coxsackievirus A6- and Coxsackievirus A10-Associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Infections from 2008 to 2012 in Shenzhen, China

“…In mainland China, the HEV71 strain was first isolated in 1987 from an HFMD patient without neurological symptoms (5). Since a large outbreak of HFMD with 405 severe infections and 78 deaths in Taiwan occurred in 1998, HEV71 has become the dominant cause of HFMD, which is prevalent in mainland China.…”