Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) in pediatric patients with respiratory infection: The circulation of a new B3 clade in Italy

Piralla, Antonio; Principi, Nicola; Ruggiero, Luca; Girello, Alessia; Giardina, Federica; Sando, Elisabetta De; Caimmi, Silvia; Bianchini, Sonia; Marseglia, Gian Luigi; Lunghi, G.; Baldanti, Fausto; Esposito, Susanna

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.005

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The phylogenetic tree showed that most of the Spanish EV-D68 sequences detected during 2016 clustered to the recently described lineage B3 [33], while strains from 2014 and 2015 belonged to subclade B2. Similar results have been obtained with other studies [34,35], suggesting that all the 2016 outbreaks would be [28][29][30]. These findings indicate that although EV-D68 epidemics can be due to the emergence of new lineages, multiple clades have been circulating simultaneously worldwide from 2010 to the present day.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In 2016 and 2018, however, it circulated almost throughout the year, with a higher incidence in spring and summer. This seasonal distribution, in which EV-D68 has periods of low circulation followed by others with high incidence, has been reported in other countries [29,30,[33][34][35], and suggest epidemics of EV-D68 in 2016 and 2018, which was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of partial VP1 sequences showing increased genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree showed that most of the Spanish EV-D68 sequences detected during 2016 clustered to the recently described lineage B3 [33], while strains from 2014 and 2015 belonged to subclade B2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Enterovirus D68-associated respiratory and neurological illness in Spain, 2014–2018

González-Sanz

Taravillo

Reina

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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During 2014, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) outbreaks were described globally, causing severe respiratory diseases in children and, in some cases, subsequent paralysis. In this study, the type characterization of enterovirus (EV) detected in respiratory illnesses and the epidemiology and clinical association of EV-D68 infections in Spain over a five-year period were described. A total of 546 EV-positive samples from hospitalized patients with respiratory infections were included. EV-D68 was the most frequently detected type (46.6%, 191/410 typed EV). Other EV from species A (25.1%), B (27.8%) and C (0.5%) were also identified. EV-D68 infections were more associated with bronchitis while EV-A/B types were more frequent in upper respiratory illness (p < 0.01). EV-D68 was also detected in patients with neurological symptoms (nine meningitis/meningoencephalitis and eight acute flaccid paralysis cases). Phylogenetic analysis of 3′-VP1 region showed most Spanish EV-D68 sequences from 2014 to 2016 belonged to subclades B2/B3, as other American and European strains circulating during the same period. However, those detected in 2017 and 2018 clustered to the emerged subclade D1. In summary, different EV can cause respiratory infections but EV-D68 was the most prevalent, with several strains circulating in Spain at least since 2014. Association between EV-D68 infection and neurological disease was also described.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Enterovirus D68-associated respiratory and neurological illness in Spain, 2014–2018

González-Sanz

Taravillo

Reina

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…E nterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a major causative agent of mild to severe upper and lower respiratory illnesses and is prevalent in North America, Europe, and Asia in recent years (1)(2)(3). Patients infected with EV-D68 exhibit fever, sneezing, rhinorrhea, cough, sore throat, pneumonia, asthma exacerbation, and acute flaccid myelitis, with the possibility of death (2,(4)(5)(6)(7). No prophylactic vaccine or therapeutic drug against EV-D68 infection is yet available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Neutralizing Antibody Specific to the DE Loop of VP1 Can Inhibit EV-D68 Infection in Mice

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2018

The Journal of Immunology

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Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) belongs to the picornavirus family and was first isolated in CA, USA, in 1962. EV-D68 can cause severe cranial nerve system damage such as flaccid paralysis and acute respiratory diseases such as pneumonia. There are currently no efficient therapeutic methods or effective prophylactics. In this study, we isolated the mAb A6-1 from an EV-D68–infected rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and found that the Ab provided effective protection in EV-D68 intranasally infected suckling mice. We observed that A6-1 bound to the DE loop of EV-D68 VP1 and interfered with the interaction between the EV-D68 virus and α2,6-linked sialic acids of the host cell. The production of A6-1 and its Ab properties present a bridging study for EV-D68 vaccine design and provide a tool for analyzing the process by which Abs can inhibit EV-D68 infection.

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“…In 2008, EV-D68 was first reported in Italy [3,7]. In 2014 and 2016, the US and several European countries experienced a surge in the number of severe acute respiratory infection cases caused by EV-D68 infection, sustained by strains belonging to multiple EV-D68 clades [8,9];…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of divergent enterovirus (EV) D68 sub-clade D1 strains, northern Italy, September to October 2018

et al. 2019

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Between September and October 2018, an enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) outbreak occurred in patients hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection in northern Italy; 21 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16/20 of the EV-D68 sequences belonged to a divergent group within the sub-clade D1. Since its upsurge, EV-D68 has undergone rapid evolution with the emergence of new viral variants, emphasising the need for molecular surveillance that include outpatients with respiratory illness.

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Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) in pediatric patients with respiratory infection: The circulation of a new B3 clade in Italy

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Enterovirus D68-associated respiratory and neurological illness in Spain, 2014–2018

Enterovirus D68-associated respiratory and neurological illness in Spain, 2014–2018

A Novel Neutralizing Antibody Specific to the DE Loop of VP1 Can Inhibit EV-D68 Infection in Mice

Emergence of divergent enterovirus (EV) D68 sub-clade D1 strains, northern Italy, September to October 2018

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