Enterovirus Infections of the Central Nervous System: The Present and Future of Poliomyelitis

Immunological abnormalities in the syndrome of poliomyelitis-like illness associated with acute bronchial asthma (Hopkin's syndrome).

“…Viral cultures of throat, faeces, and CSF were negative. Serological tests showed a constant increase in the titre to Cocksackie B1 at a level of 1 in 512 on 9 July and 19 July, but were otherwise negative. Serological tests for polio antibodies were not done at the time, but when tested for in 1979 there was a positive titre of 1 in 64 to poliovirus type 1, 1 in 192 to poliovirus type 2, and 1 in 48 to poliovirus type 3.…”

Innate and adaptive immune responses against picornaviruses and their counteractions: An overview

“…Besides infection of the epithelial tissues, the viruses exhibit myotropism and a tendency to infect the central and peripheral nervous system by humoral spread, and the acute clinical appearances may range from influenza-like symptoms (minor summer illness) to myocarditis, aseptic meningitis as well as myelitis. The duration of acute illness is usually between 3 and 8 d. Post-acute symptoms include myocarditis and pericarditis, which may persist for weeks [54][55][56][57][58] and infections have been linked to the induction of autoimmune diseases such as chronic myocarditis and type 1 diabetes. Excretion in feces and nasal secretions, respectively, occurs between days 2 and 28 after infection, reaching its peak 6 d post exposure.…”

Viral Meningitis

“…56,57 Symptoms other than fever may also be biphasic, a presentation observed more often in adults than children. 58 Aseptic meningitis with certain EV serotypes is associated with particular clinical stigmata; for example, hand-footmouth syndrome frequently occurs with EV71 meningitis 37,38 and nonspecific rashes are especially common with echovirus 9 meningitis, 59 although both incidental findings can occur with numerous other serotypes as well. 23 Neurologic abnormalities are rare.…”