Enterovirus Surveillance Following a Communitywide Oral Poliovirus Vaccination Program: A Seven-Year Study 12

Horstmann, Dorothy M.; Emmons, Jean; Gimpel, L.; Subrahmanyan, T. P.; Riordan, John T.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121498

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These data suggest that sewage can be an effective indicator for the presence of enterovirus, adenovirus and reovirus in the community in contrast with faeces surveys which have not been found to fulfill this role satisfactorily (Wilterdink, 1970;Horstmann, 1973). The study of less polluted river waters does not yield as much epidemiological information as does sewage but this may be a result of the different techniques employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Viruses in sewage as an indicator of their presence in the community

Sellwood

Dadswell

Slade

1981

J. Hyg.

130

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe results of a three year study of the viruses isolated from sewage by means of five tissue culture types are reported. The enteroviruses identified demonstrated a seasonal pattern which was similar to that of clinical isolates. Echoviruses and coxsackieviruses displayed a changing pattern of dominant serotypes in both sewage and clinical isolates; echovirus 6, 19, 3 and coxsackievirus B4, B5, A9 successively became the most common serotypes. The poliovirus in sewage was all vaccine-like in character. Reovirus, type 2 was abundant; adenovirus, of several serotypes, were the least often identified.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Surveys of the viruses in sewage have been made in the United States (Horstmann, 1973;Bloom, 1959;Lamb, 1964), in Sweden (B6ttiger, 1973 and in Israel (Fattal, 1977). One survey of reovirus in sewage was done in England (Craske, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses in sewage as an indicator of their presence in the community

Sellwood

Dadswell

Slade

1981

J. Hyg.

130

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Estimates of highest sewage content range from 1 WPV/100 ml to 1 WPV/6,000 ml sewage during eight epidemics in medium to large European and U.S. cities. ( 133 ) Poliovirus recovery from sewage usually involves some form of virus entrapment ( 26,82 ) or sample concentration, ( 40,54,226 ) commonly from 50‐ to 100‐fold. Virus recovery is occasionally reported from unconcentrated samples, ( 171 ) but WPV concentrations in raw sewage are typically <1 CCID 50 /ml.…”

Section: Infectious and Potential Infectious Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horstmann et al . ( 82 ) described the results of a pre‐licensure study of OPV involving 19 children who received OPV in Portland (a city of 4,000). Assuming an average daily sewage flow of 100 liters/person/day ( 226 ) yields an estimated total flow of approximately 10 5 liters/day, or approximately 0.5% of the Helsinki flow over less than one‐quarter of the distance.…”

Section: Community Risk Of Facility‐associated Poliovirus Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Containment of Polioviruses After Eradication and OPV Cessation: Characterizing Risks to Improve Management

Dowdle

Avoort²,

Gourville³

et al. 2006

Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of the World Health Organization is to stop routine use of oral poliovirus vaccine shortly after interruption of wild poliovirus transmission. A key component of this goal is to minimize the risk of reintroduction by destruction of polioviruses except in an absolute minimum number of facilities that serve essential functions and implement effective containment. Effective containment begins with a complete facility risk assessment. This article focuses on characterizing the risks of exposure to polioviruses from the essential vaccine production, quality control, and international reference and research facilities that remain. We consider the potential exposure pathways that might lead to a poliovirus reintroduction, including para-occupational exposures and releases to the environment, and review the literature to provide available estimates and a qualitative assessment of containment risks. Minimizing the risk of poliovirus transmission from a poliovirus facility to increasingly susceptible communities is a crucial and ongoing effort requiring understanding and actively managing the potential exposure pathways.

show abstract

“…In spite of a 70-fold increase in the number of vacci nated individuals in one community who were shedding virus, all sewage samples from both communities were positive for this virus. 13 These findings indicate that viruses can be readily detected in sewage although the number of people infected in a community may be small. In other studies one or more types of virus have been isolated from almost all samples of sewage, effluent of primary settling, and activated sludge.…”

Section: Viruses In the Water Environmentmentioning

confidence: 97%