Enteroviruses in the early 21st century

Lugo, Debra J.; Krogstad, Paul

doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000303

Cited by 127 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Past failures to culture RV from blood might be explained by the predominance of RV-C in viremia (see below), which is known to not grow well in conventional cell lines [18]. With some recent exceptions [19, 20], acute RV infections have rarely been associated with disseminated disease, unlike EVs, where viremia can lead to infection of multiple sites with varied clinical manifestations [21]. However, blood detection of RV by RT-PCR may only represent identification of RV RNA and not true viremia with viable virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus Viremia in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Lu¹,

Schneider²,

Jain³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background Rhinoviruses (RVs) are ubiquitous respiratory pathogens that often cause mild or subclinical infections. Molecular detection of RVs from the upper respiratory tract can be prolonged, complicating etiologic association in persons with severe lower respiratory tract infections. Little is known about RV viremia and its value as a diagnostic indicator in persons hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods Sera from RV-positive children and adults hospitalized with CAP were tested for RV by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Rhinovirus species and type were determined by partial genome sequencing. Results Overall, 57 of 570 (10%) RV-positive patients were viremic, and all were children aged <10 years (n = 57/375; 15.2%). Although RV-A was the most common RV species detected from respiratory specimens (48.8%), almost all viremias were RV-C (98.2%). Viremic patients had fewer codetected pathogens and were more likely to have chest retractions, wheezing, and a history of underlying asthma/reactive airway disease than patients without viremia. Conclusions More than 1 out of 7 RV-infected children aged <10 years hospitalized with CAP were viremic. In contrast with other RV species, RV-C infections were highly associated with viremia and were usually the only respiratory pathogen identified, suggesting that RV-C viremia may be an important diagnostic indicator in pediatric pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus Viremia in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Lu¹,

Schneider²,

Jain³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Abzug et al [17] also demonstrated that neutralization of EVs using 750 mg/kg IVIG can change the course of encephalitis with rapid cessation of viremia and can improve the prognosis. Moreover, other studies [12,15,19,25,26] have also reported the use of IVIG for prevention of possibly fatal cases of neonatal HPeV infection. Further studies are required on the use of IVIG in the treatment of HPeV infection to improve the infantile HPeV/EV management protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Differences between Enterovirus and Human Parechovirus in Children and Infants

Rhie

2020

Ann Child Neurol

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Purpose: Enteroviruses (EVs) and human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are important pathogens that cause fever in young infants and meningitis in children and have similar clinical symptoms and characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical symptoms and characteristics of EV and HPeV infections in young children and infants. Methods: From June to August 2018, we obtained 50 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, of which 36 and 14 were EV-and HPeV-positive, respectively, as determined by film array methods. We then compared the clinical characteristics and laboratory values of patients with EV and HPeV infections. Results: HPeV patients had a lower age than EV patients, but had similar sex predominance and fever duration. Moreover, EV patients had a higher prevalence of headache and mannitol use than HPeV patients. The blood and CSF white blood cell counts were lower among HPeV patients even after adjusting for sex and age. Furthermore, both viruses were found to cause occasional transient white matter injuries in the brain. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of HPeV and EV infections were found to be generally similar, but with a few noteworthy differences.

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“…Enteroviruses are nonenveloped, single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae that infect worldwide populations, especially infants and young children . Enteroviruses can cause a variety of clinical illnesses, including acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, undifferentiated rash, myocarditis, and neonatal sepsis‐like disease . Human enterovirus serotypes include four species (enterovirus A, B, C, and D), categorized by sequence differences, genome organization, and biological properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Amplification of the Antiviral Activity of Curcumin through Transformation into Carbon Quantum Dots

Lin

Chang

Chu

et al. 2019

Small

129

116

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It is demonstrated that carbon quantum dots derived from curcumin (Cur‐CQDs) through one‐step dry heating are effective antiviral agents against enterovirus 71 (EV71). The surface properties of Cur‐CQDs, as well as their antiviral activity, are highly dependent on the heating temperature during synthesis. The one‐step heating of curcumin at 180 °C preserves many of the moieties of polymeric curcumin on the surfaces of the as‐synthesized Cur‐CQDs, resulting in superior antiviral characteristics. It is proposed that curcumin undergoes a series of structural changes through dehydration, polymerization, and carbonization to form core–shell CQDs whose surfaces remain a pyrolytic curcumin‐like polymer, boosting the antiviral activity. The results reveal that curcumin possesses insignificant inhibitory activity against EV71 infection in RD cells [half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) >200 µg mL−1] but exhibits high cytotoxicity toward RD cells (half‐maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) <13 µg mL−1). The EC50 (0.2 µg mL−1) and CC50 (452.2 µg mL−1) of Cur‐CQDs are >1000‐fold lower and >34‐fold higher, respectively, than those of curcumin, demonstrating their far superior antiviral capabilities and high biocompatibility. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of Cur‐CQDs significantly decreases mortality and provides protection against virus‐induced hind‐limb paralysis in new‐born mice challenged with a lethal dose of EV71.

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Enteroviruses in the early 21st century

Cited by 127 publications

References 51 publications

Rhinovirus Viremia in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Rhinovirus Viremia in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Clinical Differences between Enterovirus and Human Parechovirus in Children and Infants

High Amplification of the Antiviral Activity of Curcumin through Transformation into Carbon Quantum Dots

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