Entomogenous fungi from corn insects in Iowa

Brooks, Derl Len; Raun, Earle S.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(65)90157-6

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All the species are saprophytic and not true entomopathogens, however Mucor and Penicillium species have been reported as toxic to insects (Brooks and Raun, 1965;Miczulski and Machowicz-Stafaniak, 1977;Lynch and Lewis 1978). In preliminary tests, laboratory reared B. oleae flies exposed to fully grown conidia of Mucor and Penicillium isolates suffered high mortality rates equal to, and in some cases higher than, flies exposed to Beauveria species.…”

Section: Fungi Isolated From Diseased Insectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and B. brongniartii strains and four wild-type fungal species against adults of Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata

Κωνσταντοπούλου

Mazomenos

2005

Biocontrol

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The virulence of two isolates of the hyphomycete fungi, Beauveria bassiana and B. brongniartii, and additional fungal species isolated from diseased Bactrocera oleae pupae and Sesamia nonagrioides larvae were assessed against adults of the olive fruit fly B. oleae and the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Contact and oral bioassays revealed that moderate to high mortality rates for the olive fruit fly occurred when the adults were exposed to conidia of Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum and B. bassiana isolates. A strain of M. hiemalis isolated from S. nonagrioides larvae was the most toxic resulting in 85.2% mortality to the olive fruit fly adults. B. brongniartii and B. bassiana were the most pathogenic to the C. capitata adults causing 97.4 and 85.6% mortality. Metabolites collected from the M. hiemalis and P. chrysogenum isolates were toxic to adults of both species.

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Section: Fungi Isolated From Diseased Insectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and B. brongniartii strains and four wild-type fungal species against adults of Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata

Κωνσταντοπούλου

Mazomenos

2005

Biocontrol

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“…Rambo,Tuite,and Caldwell (11) found that 2.7'\, of the test kernels from insect or birddamaged ears from southern Indiana contained the fungus; the infection level was higher in southern areas of that state than in central or northern regions. Other studies have also shown an association between insect and fungal pathogen damage and subsequent infection of field corn by A. flavus (2,5,7). Fennell,Lillehoj,and Kwolek (8) found a significant difference between the occurrence of A. flavus in kernels from insect-damaged ears (6.3;{,) and kernels from insect-free ears (2.2';~).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus flavus Inoculated Ears of Corn Grown at Diverse Locations

et al. 1975

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Nornlal and opaque•2 endosperm counterparts of two Zea mays L. hybrids were grown during 1973 at locations in Illinois, Missouri, Georgia, and Texas; 20 days after silking test ears were inoculated with Aspergillus flavlls Link ex Fr. spores. Other ears were mechanically dam• aged or untreated. Sample ears were harvested 15, 30, 45, and 70 days after treatment. After shelling the corn was ground, examined for bright-greenish yellow (BGY) fluorescence, and assayed for aflatoxin. The number of aflatoxin-positives in 128 inoculated ears/plot increased generally from North to South: 11linois, 28; Missouri, 86; Texas, 111; and Georgia, 117. The mean levels of aflatoxin B, in toxin-contaminated ears showed a similar geographical pattern: Illinois, 2.4 ppb; 1\Iissouri, 22.5 ppb; Texas, 114.5 ppb; and Georgia, 133.9 ppb. Almost all the toxin production occurred during the initial 30 days after inoculation. Fewer toxin-contaminated ears were found in the doublecross hybrid than in the single cross, but no significant difference in aflatoxin incidence was observed between endosperm types (normal vs. opaqlle). Sixty of 512 damaged uninoculated ears and 21 of 512 untreated control ears contained aflatoxin; 80% of the aflatoxin-positives associated with physically damaged or control ears were observed in corn from the Georgia location.

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“…Effect of antimicrobial chemicals. Benomyl (1000 ppm), formaldehyde (10~o stock solution), sodium hypochlorite (0.05~o and 0.95~o stock solutions), ethanol (1900 ppm), mercuric chloride (100 ppm), a solution of phosphoric acid and propionic acid (1400 ppm), and thiram (750 ppm) were selected on the basis of existing literature (e.g., Brooks & Raun, 1965;Ignoffo, 1963;Ignoffo & Dutky, 1963;Marrone etaL, 1985;Schalk, 1986) on the surface sterilization of insect eggs and were evaluated to determine their effect on fungal growth and subsequent egg hatch. Each chemical was prepared immediately before use by 273 diluting the commercial formulation with distilled water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling fungi that colonize eggs of the western corn rootworm in the laboratory

Oloumi‐Sadeghi

Levine

1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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When incubated on filter or blotter paper in the laboratory, eggs of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), were usually colonized and killed by the fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten. The effects of type of paper used during incubation and boiling, rearing substrate (paper or soil), pH, and antimicrobial chemicals on percent egg hatch and fungal colonization were evaluated. Neither paper type nor boiling the paper affected hatch or fungal colonization. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of eggs hatched and fungi colonized lower numbers of eggs when eggs were incubated on the soil surface than when they were incubated on filter paper. In treatments where eggs were placed within soil, the longer the eggs remained in the soil, the greater the percent egg hatch and the lower the incidence of fungal colonization. Egg hatch was significantly lower and fungal colonization significantly higher at pH 3 than at pH 4 through 8 and distilled water. Treatment of eggs with benomyl significantly reduced fungal colonization and increased hatch while not affecting the number of days required for initial, 50%, and last hatch of eggs or larval survival. Résumé Contrôle des champignons qui colonisent au laboratoire les œufs de Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Les œufs de D. virgifera virgifera sont généralement colonisés par un ensemble d'espèces de champignon, lors de leur incubation au laboratoire sur papier filtre ou papier buvard. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Schölten prédomine parmi les espèces identifiées: plus de 95% des cas observés. La colonisation par des champignons réduit souvent considérablement le taux d'éclosion. L'influence du type de papier, de l'ébullition préalable, du substrat (papier ou sol), du pH, et de fongicides chimiques a été examinée. Ni le type de papier, ni son ébullition préalable ne modifient les taux d'éclosion et de contamination par les champignons. Lors de l'incubation à la surface du sol, le taux d'éclosion est significativement plus élevé et le nombre d'œufs contaminés significativement plus faible (P < 0.05) que sur papier filtre. Lorsque les œufs sont placés dans le sol, plus le temps de séjour est long, plus le taux d'éclosion est élevé et plus la colonisation par les champignons est faible. Le taux d'éclosion est significativement plus bas à pH 3 qu'aux pH de 4 à 8 et dans l'eau distillée. Les traitements des œufs au bénomyl et au thiram réduisent significativement les taux de contamination fongique par rapport au témoin (eau distillée). Les taux de contamination après traitement avec d'autres fongicides sont les mêmes que celui du témoin; par contre, les taux d'éclosion après traitement au bénomyl, au formaldéhyde, à l'eau de Javel, ou à l'éthanol sont significativement supérieurs à ceux des témoins. Le thiram élimine presque totalement la moisissure (0.5% de colonisation), mais tue presque tous les œufs (95.3%). L'effet fongique de bénomyl ne difière pas significativement de celui du thiram. Le nombr...

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Entomogenous fungi from corn insects in Iowa

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and B. brongniartii strains and four wild-type fungal species against adults of Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata

Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and B. brongniartii strains and four wild-type fungal species against adults of Bactrocera oleae and Ceratitis capitata

Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus flavus Inoculated Ears of Corn Grown at Diverse Locations

Controlling fungi that colonize eggs of the western corn rootworm in the laboratory

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