Entomogenous Species of Akanthomyces, Hymenostilbe and Insecticola in North America

Mains, E. B.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1950.12017861

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Mains (1950) emphasized the cylindrical synnemata and the tightly compacted longitudinal conidiophores, producing one-celled catenulate conidia as typical for Akanthomyces. Taxa with clavate synnemata, such as in A. pistillariiformis (cfr clade II), were referred to the genus Insecticola (Mains 1950). This latter genus was not accepted by Samson & Evans (1974), who noted that the 'synnematous habit does not allow a clear delimitation between Akanthomyces and Insecticola', an opinion also concurred by HywelJones (1996a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samson & Brady 1982, Hywel-Jones 1996a, Hsieh, Tzean & Wu 1997. Mains (1950) emphasized the cylindrical synnemata and the tightly compacted longitudinal conidiophores, producing one-celled catenulate conidia as typical for Akanthomyces. Taxa with clavate synnemata, such as in A. pistillariiformis (cfr clade II), were referred to the genus Insecticola (Mains 1950).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two included Hirsutella taxa are both positioned in clade IV. Akanthomyces, erected by Lebert (1858) to include the moth parasite A. aculeatus, was later emended to include representatives attacking the insect orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera as well as Arachnida (Mains 1950, Samson & Evans 1974 Numbers indicate BS. Uppercase letters denote the subclades commented upon in the text.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly

Stensrud

Hywel‐Jones

Schumacher

2005

Mycological Research

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The ascomycetous genus Cordyceps accommodates endoparasitic species that attack arthropods or other fungi. Analyses of ITS nrDNA sequence data of 72 taxa from the teleomorph genera Cordyceps, Claviceps, Epichloe¨, and the anamorph genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Paecilomyces, Polycephalomyces, and Tolypocladium assigned the taxa to four main evolutionary lineages not reflected in the current classification of Cordyceps. Ten subclades were recognized from separate analyses of data subsets. Judged from the ITS phylogenies, Cordyceps spp. with branched stromata were highly supported as a divergent lineage. Host specificity was found to be of limited phylogenetic significance, and several host shifts are suggested to have occurred during the evolution of Cordyceps. Similar ascospore morphology was not reflected in the phyletic groups, and closely related taxa showed large interspecific variation with respect to the number of segments in which the ascospores are divided. However, combinations of selected characters were found to delimitate some lineages, e.g. all Cordyceps spp. that attack hosts in the insect orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, and with non-immersed perithecia and clavate to acicular, brightly yellowish to reddish stromata, constituted a separate clade. Furthermore, all Cordyceps spp. with perithecia obliquely immersed in the stroma were recognized as a distinct monophyletic group. This clade is additionally characterized by the formation of anamorphs ascribable to the genus Hymenostilbe. The mycogenous Cordyceps spp. grouped in a separate subclade, interspersed by two cicadaen parasites and all Tolypocladium spp. except T. parasiticum. Tolypocladium and Beauveria were found to be polyphyletic. The included Claviceps and Epichloe¨taxa appeared to be derived within Cordyceps, thus making Cordyceps paraphyletic as suggested in other studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly

Stensrud

Hywel‐Jones

Schumacher

2005

Mycological Research

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“…Later, Petch (1937) Specimens examined by Petch (1937) had clavate or narrowoval conidia in contrast to the globose conidia of Ditmar's fugus. Mains (1950) noted for H. sphecophila that it 'is doubtfu whether it is Ditmar's fugus'. Samson & Evans (1975) accepted nine species of Hymenostilbe and, like Mains (1950), they also regarded H. sphecophila as doubtfu.…”

Section: Discussion Eomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mains (1950) noted for H. sphecophila that it 'is doubtfu whether it is Ditmar's fugus'. Samson & Evans (1975) accepted nine species of Hymenostilbe and, like Mains (1950), they also regarded H. sphecophila as doubtfu. No type specimen remais of Ditmar's fugus but it is possible this is Hirsutella saussurei Speare which also has long, brown synnemata and conidia that appear globose in a mucous coat.…”

Section: Discussion Eomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cordyceps sphecocephala and a Hymenostilbe sp. infecting wasps and bees in Thailand

Hywel‐Jones

1995

Mycological Research

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Cordyceps sphecocephala and a Hymenostilbe sp. were recorded from Hymenoptera (wasps and bees) in natural forest in Thailand. These were isolated from hyphal bodies, ascus part-spores and from conidia. The possible relationship between the two fungi is discussed. These records are compared with other collections from around the world. MA TERIALS AND METHODS Surveys were made of the leaf litter of the forest floor at KhaoYai National Park over a three year period throughout the year and sporadically at other National Parks in Thailand.Collections of infected insects were returned to the laboratory for processing. Isolations were made on Potato Dextrose Agar from abdominal hyphal bodies, ascus part-spores and from conidia. Slides were prepared for microscopic examination using an Olympus BH microscope with a drawing tube. RESUL TS Distribution of the fungi in ThailandAll specimens were lying loose in, or on, moist leaf litter in the rainy season between May and October. All were found in forest between 100 and 1600 m above sea leveL. Forest types included tropical monsoon evergreen forest (at Khao Yai), any point on the insect but usually from between the head and thorax. This was up to 45 mm long including the head. Where these contacted a substrate such as leaves or twigs, rhizoidal growth fixed the stroma to this substrate.The diameter of the stalk was 150-800 ¡Jm consisting of parallel strands of septate, tightly packed hyphae, 4-6 L.m

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Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Poinar¹,

Thomas²

1984

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Dedicated to the memory of ROBERT VAN DEN BOSCH, for his interest, encouragement, and tenacity in promoting biological pest control A. Dark red color of a larva of the wax moth, Gal/eria mel/onel/a, infected with Heterorhabditis nematodes. The color is produced by the bacterium Xenorhabdus /uminescens, which is symbiotically associated with nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. Another insect pathogen that produces a red color in the host is the bacterium Serratia marcescens.

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Entomogenous Species of Akanthomyces, Hymenostilbe and Insecticola in North America

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly

Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly

Cordyceps sphecocephala and a Hymenostilbe sp. infecting wasps and bees in Thailand

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

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