Entomological determinants of malaria transmission in an epidemic prone area of District Nuh (Haryana state), India

Nanda, Nutan; Singh, S. B.; Prajapati, B. K.; Ranjan, Kumud; Kar, NP; Sharma, SK; Valecha, Neena

doi:10.4103/0972-9062.225838

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…fluviatilis , tested positive. An earlier study conducted in Nuh in 2015-2016 reported a sporozoite positivity rate of 0.26% [ 35 ], which is lower than the rate reported in this study (2.1%). The observed variability in the sporozoite rate could be attributed to differences in sample size, usage of LLINs, and malaria endemicity of the study sites.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…culicifacies was previously reported in the Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra [ 32 , 33 ], Kalahandi, and 4 other districts in Odisha [ 34 ]. Furthermore, in Nuh, Haryana, possible resistance to deltamethrin was observed [ 35 ]. A multidistrict study conducted in 2009 on the susceptibility of An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…culicifacies in Nuh and Palwal districts might be due to the predominant proportion of sibling species A (>99%) in the area. This sibling species is recognized as an established malaria vector in the malaria-endemic regions of India [ 35 ]. In a previous study conducted in 8 southern districts of Odisha, sporozoite-positive An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malaria Vector Bionomics: Countrywide Surveillance Study on Implications for Malaria Elimination in India

Rahi,

Mishra,

Chand

et al. 2024

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background The biological characteristics of mosquito vectors vary, impacting their response to control measures. Thus, having up-to-date information on vector bionomics is essential to maintain the effectiveness of existing control strategies and tools, particularly as India aims for malaria elimination by 2030. Objective This study aims to assess the proportions of vector species resting indoors and outdoors, determine their preference for host biting/feeding, identify transmission sites, and evaluate the susceptibility of vectors to insecticides used in public health programs. Methods Mosquito collections were conducted in 13 districts across 8 Indian states from 2017 to 2020 using various methods to estimate their densities. Following morphological identification in the field, sibling species of Anopheles mosquitoes were identified molecularly using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–specific alleles. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in the vectors were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR assays. In addition, we assessed the insecticide susceptibility status of primary malaria vectors following the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. Results Anopheles culicifacies, a primary malaria vector, was collected (with a man-hour density ranging from 3.1 to 15.9) from all states of India except those in the northeastern region. Anopheles fluviatilis, another primary vector, was collected from the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Odisha. In Haryana and Karnataka, An. culicifacies sibling species A predominated, whereas species C and E were predominant in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. An. culicifacies displayed mainly endophilic behavior across all states, except in Madhya Pradesh, where the proportion of semigravid and gravid mosquitoes was nearly half of that of unfed mosquitoes. The human blood index of An. culicifacies ranged from 0.001 to 0.220 across all study sites. The sporozoite rate of An. culicifacies ranged from 0.06 to 4.24, except in Madhya Pradesh, where none of the vector mosquitoes were found to be infected with the Plasmodium parasite. In the study area, An. culicifacies exhibited resistance to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; with <39% mortality). Moreover, it showed resistance to malathion (with mortality rates ranging from 49% to 78%) in all districts except Angul in Odisha and Palwal in Haryana. In addition, resistance to deltamethrin was observed in districts of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Haryana, and Karnataka. Conclusions Our study offers vital insights into the prevalence, resting behavior, and sibling species composition of malaria vectors in India. It is evident from our findings that resistance development in An. culicifacies, the primary vector, to synthetic pyrethroids is on the rise in the country. Furthermore, the results of our study suggest a potential change in the resting behavi...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malaria Vector Bionomics: Countrywide Surveillance Study on Implications for Malaria Elimination in India

Rahi,

Mishra,

Chand

et al. 2024

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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“…culicifacies was found under the verification required category while An. stephensi was resistant to deltamethrin [ 23 ]. The findings of the current study showed that the frequency of resistance in both the malaria vectors is increasing in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping malaria vectors and insecticide resistance in a high-endemic district of Haryana, India: implications for vector control strategies

Kumar,

Gupta,

Kaur

et al. 2024

Malar J

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Background Achieving effective control and elimination of malaria in endemic regions necessitates a comprehensive understanding of local mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission and their susceptibility to insecticides. Methods The study was conducted in the highly malaria prone Ujina Primary Health Center of Nuh (Mewat) district of Haryana state of India. Monthly entomological surveys were carried out for adult mosquito collections via indoor resting collections, light trap collections, and pyrethrum spray collections. Larvae were also collected from different breeding sites prevalent in the region. Insecticide resistance bioassay, vector incrimination, blood meal analysis was done with the collected vector mosquitoes. Results A total of 34,974 adult Anopheles mosquitoes were caught during the survey period, out of which Anopheles subpictus was predominant (54.7%). Among vectors, Anopheles stephensi was predominant (15.5%) followed by Anopheles culicifacies (10.1%). The Human Blood Index (HBI) in the case of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi was 6.66 and 9.09, respectively. Vector incrimination results revealed Plasmodium vivax positivity rate of 1.6% for An. culicifacies. Both the vector species were found resistant to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin. Conclusion The emergence of insecticide resistance in both vector species, compromises the effectiveness of commonly used public health insecticides. Consequently, the implementation of robust insecticide resistance management strategies becomes imperative. To effectively tackle the malaria transmission, a significant shift in vector control strategies is warranted, with careful consideration and adaptation to address specific challenges encountered in malaria elimination efforts.

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Hemocyte RNA-Seq analysis of Indian malarial vectors Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles culicifacies: From similarities to differences

Rani

Chauhan

et al. 2021

Gene

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Entomological determinants of malaria transmission in an epidemic prone area of District Nuh (Haryana state), India

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Malaria Vector Bionomics: Countrywide Surveillance Study on Implications for Malaria Elimination in India

Malaria Vector Bionomics: Countrywide Surveillance Study on Implications for Malaria Elimination in India

Mapping malaria vectors and insecticide resistance in a high-endemic district of Haryana, India: implications for vector control strategies

Hemocyte RNA-Seq analysis of Indian malarial vectors Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles culicifacies: From similarities to differences

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