Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents for the vector of the laurel wilt disease, the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Carrillo, Daniel; Dunlap, Christopher A.; Avery, Pasco B.; Cedeño, José Bernardo Navarrete; Duncan, Rita E.; Jackson, Mark A.; Behle, Robert W.; Cave, Ronald D.; Crane, Jonathan H.; Rooney, Alejandro P.; Peña, Jorge E.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.10.009

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Adults of X. crassiusculus and X. volvulus were obtained from infested avocado trees as described by Carrillo et al [15]. Collected female beetles that emerged from the wood were collected daily and placed inside the Petri dishes (5 cm diameter) provided with a moistened filter paper, and the lid was closed, forming a chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological control using entomopathogenic fungi has been successful for managing bark beetle pests of economic importance worldwide and could also play a relevant role in the management of ambrosia beetles in avocados, as well [12,13,14,15,16]. Carrillo et al [15] found that the fungal product BotaniGard ® ES containing the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) had the highest efficacy and percentage mycosis compared to other fungal products tested against the red bay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, under laboratory conditions. At the time this research was conducted, it was assumed that X. glabratus was the only vector carrying R. lauricola to the avocados [17]; however, after further research and observations in the field, Carrillo et al [18] found that X. glabratus is rare in commercial avocado crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spore Acquisition and Survival of Ambrosia Beetles Associated with the Laurel Wilt Pathogen in Avocados after Exposure to Entomopathogenic Fungi

Avery

Bojorque

Gámez

et al. 2018

Insects

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Laurel wilt is a disease threatening the avocado industry in Florida. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus vectored by ambrosia beetles that bore into the trees. Until recently, management strategies for the vectors of the laurel wilt fungus relied solely on chemical control and sanitation practices. Beneficial entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the most common and prevalent natural enemies of pathogen vectors. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that commercial strains of EPF can increase the mortality of the primary vector, Xyleborus glabratus, and potential alternative vectors, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xyleborus volvulus and Xyleborus bispinatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Our study provides baseline data for three formulated commercially-available entomopathogenic fungi used as potential biocontrol agents against X. crassiusculus, X. volvulus and X. bispinatus. The specific objectives were to determine: (1) the mean number of viable spores acquired per beetle species adult after being exposed to formulated fungal products containing different strains of EPF (Isaria fumosorosea, Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana); and (2) the median and mean survival times using paper disk bioassays. Prior to being used in experiments, all fungal suspensions were adjusted to 2.4 × 106 viable spores/mL. The number of spores acquired by X. crassiusculus was significantly higher after exposure to B. bassiana, compared to the other fungal treatments. For X. volvulus, the numbers of spores acquired per beetle were significantly different amongst the different fungal treatments, and the sequence of spore acquisition rates on X. volvulus from highest to lowest was I. fumosorosea > M. brunneum > B. bassiana. After X. bispinatus beetles were exposed to the different suspensions, the rates of acquisition of spores per beetle amongst the different fungal treatments were similar. Survival estimates (data pooled across two tests) indicated an impact for each entomopathogenic fungus per beetle species after exposure to a filter paper disk treated at the same fungal suspension concentration. Kaplan–Meier analysis (censored at day 7) revealed that each beetle species survived significantly shorter in bioassays containing disks treated with EPF compared to water only. This study demonstrated that ambrosia beetles associated with the laurel wilt pathogen in avocados are susceptible to infection by EPF under laboratory conditions. However, the EPF needs to be tested under field conditions to confirm their efficacy against the beetles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Acquisition and Survival of Ambrosia Beetles Associated with the Laurel Wilt Pathogen in Avocados after Exposure to Entomopathogenic Fungi

Avery

Bojorque

Gámez

et al. 2018

Insects

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“…The full ecological potential of ambrosia beetle-fungal relationships for exotic invasives is still unknown [55]. There is little available detail on phoretic mite populations of ambrosia beetles as there is for bark beetles.…”

Section: Ambrosia Beetle-fungal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ambrosia beetles are not typically associated with significantly damaging tree diseases in the way bark beetles are, as they often attack trees that are already dead or severely stressed [41,51,54,55]. Coevolution theory suggests that the ambrosia beetle-fungal association is adaptable to a given host environment.…”

Section: Ambrosia Beetle-fungal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborinus glabratus) is an exotic beetle from southeast Asia, responsible for extensive mortality of redbay trees (Persea borbonia) [46,55,56]. These beetles are closely associated with a Raffaela lauricola, an asexually reproducing fungus, which grows within the xylem (wood) and causes affected branches to wilt, exhibiting a symptomatic black staining of the sapwood [55,56].…”

Section: Ambrosia Beetle-fungal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Mites in Bark and Ambrosia Beetle-Fungal Interactions

Vissa¹,

Hofstetter²

2017

Insect Physiology and Ecology

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Insects share complex interactions with mites and fungi that range from obligate mutualisms to antagonistic relationships. These multitrophic interactions often result in changes to the host environment and population dynamics of the insect. Here, we review Scolytidae and Platypodidae beetles (bark beetles and ambrosia beetles, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their micro-organismal interactions with mites and fungi. Many bark beetles and ambrosia beetles are closely associated with mutualistic fungi used as a food source. These fungi are carried by the beetles in specialized pockets called "mycangia." In addition to beetle-specific fungi, secondary fungi are often vectored by mite populations phoretic on the beetles. These secondary introductions create a complex fungal micro-biome within the host tree of the associated Scolytid beetles, with a myriad of consequences to beetle success and tree mortality. In this chapter, we provide a detailed review of specific beetle-fungal and mite-fungal associations, mutualistic and antagonistic effects of these fungal relations, and ecological and evolutionary consequences of beetle-fungal-mite relationships within the host complex.

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An entomopathogenic bacterium strain,Bacillus thuringiensis, as a biological control agent against the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Hou

et al. 2017

Pest. Manag. Sci.

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Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents for the vector of the laurel wilt disease, the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Spore Acquisition and Survival of Ambrosia Beetles Associated with the Laurel Wilt Pathogen in Avocados after Exposure to Entomopathogenic Fungi

Spore Acquisition and Survival of Ambrosia Beetles Associated with the Laurel Wilt Pathogen in Avocados after Exposure to Entomopathogenic Fungi

The Role of Mites in Bark and Ambrosia Beetle-Fungal Interactions

An entomopathogenic bacterium strain,Bacillus thuringiensis, as a biological control agent against the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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