Entomopathogenic Nematode Ecology and Biological Control in Florida Citrus Orchards

Campos‐Herrera, Raquel; Stuart, Robin J.; El-Borai, Fahiem E.; Gutiérrez, Carmen; Duncan, Larry W.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8606-8_5

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…An ongoing survey of EPN spatial patterns in Florida using qPCR for detection and quantification revealed that Hi was the most frequently encountered and often the dominant species in most soil types (Campos-Herrera et al, 2010). The inferior persistence of Hi in the present experiments illustrates the difficulty of approximating field conditions in controlled experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Entomopathogenic nematodes, root weevil larvae, and dynamic interactions among soil texture, plant growth, herbivory, and predation

El-Borai

Stuart

Campos‐Herrera

et al. 2012

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the influence of soil texture on the persistence, efficacy and plant protection ability of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) applied to control larvae of the Diaprepes root weevil (DRW), Diaprepes abbreviatus, infesting potted citrus seedlings. Seedlings were grown in pots containing either coarse sand, fine sand, or sandy loam. Three DRW larvae were added to each of 80 pots of each soil type. 24 h later, 20 pots of each soil type that had received weevil larvae were inoculated with EPN infective juveniles (IJs) of one of the following species: Steinernema diaprepesi, Steinernema riobrave and Heterorhabditis indica. Pots of each soil without EPNs were established as controls with DRW and controls without DRWs. Subsequently, pots with larvae received three additional larvae monthly, and the experiment continued for 9 months. Plant root and top weights at the end of the experiment were affected by both soil (P≤0.0001) and nematodes (P≤0.0001), and nematode species protected plants differently in different soils (interaction P≤0.0001). Soil porosity was inversely related to plant damage by DRW, whether or not EPNs were present; and porosity was directly related to the level of plant protection by EPNs. Mortality of caged sentinel weevil larvae placed in pots near the end of the experiment was highest in pots treated with S. diaprepesi. In a second, similar experiment that included an additional undescribed steinernematid of the Steinernema glaseri-group, soil type affected root damage by DRW and root protection by EPNs in the same manner as in the first experiment. Final numbers of S. diaprepesi and Steinernema sp. as measured by real-time PCR were much greater than those of S. riobrave or H. indica in all soils. Across all treatments, the number of weevil larvae in soil at the end the experiment was inversely related to soil porosity. In all soils, fewer weevil larvae survived in soil treated with S. diaprepesi or Steinernema sp. than in controls with DRW or treatments with S. riobrave or H. indica. The results of these experiments support the hypothesis that EPNs provide greater protection of seedlings against DRW larvae in coarse textured soil than in finer textured soil. However, less vigorous growth of the control without DRW seedlings in the two finer textured soils suggests that unidentified factors that stressed seedlings in those soils also impaired the ability of seedlings to tolerate weevil herbivory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Entomopathogenic nematodes, root weevil larvae, and dynamic interactions among soil texture, plant growth, herbivory, and predation

El-Borai

Stuart

Campos‐Herrera

et al. 2012

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…Subsequent field studies routinely detected S. diaprepesi, Steinernema sp. glaseri-group, S. riobrave, H. indica and H. zealandica (Campos-Herrera et al, 2010;Duncan et al, 1996Duncan et al, , 2003aDuncan et al, , 2007. The detection of S. scapterisci here is a new record that expands the known EPN diversity in Florida citrus groves.…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Entomopathogenic nematodes, phoretic Paenibacillus spp., and the use of real time quantitative PCR to explore soil food webs in Florida citrus groves

Campos‐Herrera

El-Borai

Stuart

et al. 2011

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…Because real time qPCR and DNA barcoding using NGS are currently the most widely used methods for the study of belowground interactions in agroecosystems, important differences in the requirements for both methods are summarized in Table 2. Technical aspects about the development of these protocols were extensively detailed in Bustin et al (2009); Campos-Herrera et al (2010); van Pelt-Verkuil et al (2010) and Pompanon et al (2012). The first step is selecting the most appropriate method to address the question.…”

Section: Molecular Techniques For Characterizing Soil Communities Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and their natural enemies in the soil

Campos‐Herrera¹,

Ali²,

Díaz³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Modern agricultural systems can benefit from the application of concepts and models from applied ecology. When understood, multitrophic interactions among plants, pests, diseases and their natural enemies can be exploited to increase crop production and reduce undesirable environmental impacts. Although the understanding of subterranean ecology is rudimentary compared to the perspective aboveground, technologies today vastly reduce traditional obstacles to studying cryptic communities. Here we emphasize advantages to integrating as much as possible the use of these methods in order to leverage the information gained from studying communities of soil organisms. PCR-based approaches to identify and quantify species (real time qPCR and next generation sequencing) greatly expand the ability to investigate food web interactions because there is less need for wide taxonomic expertise within research programs. Improved methods to capture and measure volatiles in the soil atmosphere in situ make it possible to detect and study chemical cues that are critical to communication across trophic levels. The application of SADIE to directly assess rather than infer spatial patterns in belowground agroecosystems has improved the ability to characterize relationships between organisms in space and time. We review selected methodology and use of these tools and describe some of the ways they were integrated to study soil food webs in Florida citrus orchards with the goal of developing new biocontrol approaches.

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Entomopathogenic Nematode Ecology and Biological Control in Florida Citrus Orchards

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Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Entomopathogenic nematodes, root weevil larvae, and dynamic interactions among soil texture, plant growth, herbivory, and predation

Entomopathogenic nematodes, root weevil larvae, and dynamic interactions among soil texture, plant growth, herbivory, and predation

Entomopathogenic nematodes, phoretic Paenibacillus spp., and the use of real time quantitative PCR to explore soil food webs in Florida citrus groves

Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and their natural enemies in the soil

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