Entomopathogenic Nematode Exploitation: Case Studies in Laboratory and Field Applications from South Africa

Malan, Antoinette P.; Hatting, Justin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_20

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Previous studies advocate the need to target the soil‐borne stages of FCM (Malan et al, 2011, 2018). Increased interest in the use of entomopathogens, for the control of FCM, has led to many new species of EPN being described from South Africa (Hatting et al, 2009; Çimen et al, 2015, 2016; Malan & Hatting, 2015; Malan & Ferreira, 2017; Steyn et al, 2017a,b). A recent review specifically highlights the potential of EPNs and EPF for the control of FCM life stages (Malan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of entomopathogens against Thaumatotibia leucotreta under laboratory conditions

Steyn

Malan

Addison

2021

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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False codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a priority pest on citrus, stone fruit, and table grapes. Current control focuses on the adult stage; however, each stage of the life cycle of the insect should be targeted. The potential of local biocontrol agents against FCM immature stages was investigated. Several entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) and entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) species were identified from soil samples collected from orchards and vineyards throughout the Western Cape province in South Africa. The eggs were proven to be susceptible (30–65%) to several EPN species, at 200 infective juveniles (IJs) per 50 µl. Xenorhabdus indica, the symbiotic bacterium of Steinernema yirgalemense Nguyen et al., caused significantly more mortality than the control. The EPNs were highly virulent against the FCM larvae, with S. yirgalemense causing 100% mortality in all trials. Metarhizium robertsii (78%), M. anisopliae (50%), and Beauveria bassiana (75%) caused high mortality in FCM larvae. The fully formed pupae were the most resistant of the immature stages, with the EPNs causing low mortality at 100 IJs per insect. As the FCM larvae were highly susceptible to S. yirgalemense and M. robertsii under laboratory conditions, they should be further tested, separately and in combination, in field conditions to illustrate the benefits of including them in a FCM‐IPM programme.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of entomopathogens against Thaumatotibia leucotreta under laboratory conditions

Steyn

Malan

Addison

2021

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Despite the promising results that nematodes gave on other diverse insect pest species [13,43], S. yirgalemense , S. jeffreyense , and H. indica did not cause an increase in larval mortality compared to the negative control. Several insect species have already shown strong resistance to EPNs, and this resistance can be due to a large variety of factors, including immune defense against nematodes, or interaction with the biotic and abiotic environments [12,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Screening of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungus as Biocontrol Agents against an Emerging Pest of Sugarcane, Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Javal

Terblanche

Conlong

et al. 2019

Insects

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Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an emerging pest of sugarcane in South Africa. The larvae of this cerambycid beetle live within the sugarcane stalk and drill galleries that considerably reduce sugar production. To provide an alternative to chemical control, entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus were investigated as potential biological control agents to be used in an integrated pest management system. The nematodes Steinernema yirgalemense, S. jeffreyense, Heterorhabditis indica, and different concentrations of the fungus Metarhizium pinghaense were screened for efficacy (i.e., mortality rate) against larvae of C. newmannii. The different biocontrol agents used, revealed a low level of pathogenicity to C. newmannii larvae, when compared to control treatments.

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“…36 of 1974, which forbids the importation of exotic insect or animal species (Government Gazette of the Republic of South Africa, 1989). In the light of the above, additional research is being focused on using local EPN isolates to control insect pests in South African agricultural industries, and many successful laboratory and vineyard experiments have already been carried out (Malan & Hatting, 2015;Hatting & Malan, 2017;. With the success in in vitro liquid mass culture, these nematodes can be cultured in high numbers (Dunn et al, 2020a(Dunn et al, , 2020b and formulated successfully (Kagimu & Malan, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Control of Key Pests of Grapevine: A Review

Nxitywa

Malan

2021

SAJEV

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites that are used successfully as biological controlagents against key pest insects of grapevine. To achieve low chemical residues and the sustainableproduction of grapes, it is important that biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodesfor the control of grapevine insect pests be incorporated in an integrated pest management system forgrape production. However, the commercialisation and large-scale use of EPNs is limited by their shortshelf life in formulations and in storage, thus leading to poor quality and reduced efficacy against insectsin the field. In South Africa, interest in the use of EPNs within an integrated pest management system hasgrown over the past two decades, therefore developing a formulation technique with an acceptable storagesurvival period, while maintaining infectivity, is essential. Moreover, the successful control of insects usingEPNs is only achievable when the formulated product reaches the end user in good condition. This reviewis focused on the different types of formulations required for storage and ease of transport, together withthe application formulation for above-ground pests and the factors affecting them. The quality assessment,storage and handling of formulated EPNs are also discussed.

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Entomopathogenic Nematode Exploitation: Case Studies in Laboratory and Field Applications from South Africa

Cited by 19 publications

References 79 publications

Efficacy of entomopathogens against Thaumatotibia leucotreta under laboratory conditions

Efficacy of entomopathogens against Thaumatotibia leucotreta under laboratory conditions

First Screening of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungus as Biocontrol Agents against an Emerging Pest of Sugarcane, Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Control of Key Pests of Grapevine: A Review

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