Entomophthovirus: An insect-derived iflavirus that infects a behavior manipulating fungal pathogen of dipterans

Mc, Coyle; Cn, Elya; Bronski, Michael J.; Mb, Eisen

doi:10.1101/371526

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Indeed, fungi that are tightly associated with plants and insects often share closely related viruses with these organisms (116)(117)(118). Furthermore, an indisputable case of cross-kingdom transfer of an insect iflavirus to an entomopathogenic fungus has been recently described (119).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

Wolf

Kazlauskas

Iranzo

et al. 2018

mBio

442

333

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Viruses with RNA genomes dominate the eukaryotic virome, reaching enormous diversity in animals and plants. The recent advances of metaviromics prompted us to perform a detailed phylogenomic reconstruction of the evolution of the dramatically expanded global RNA virome. The only universal gene among RNA viruses is the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We developed an iterative computational procedure that alternates the RdRp phylogenetic tree construction with refinement of the underlying multiple-sequence alignments. The resulting tree encompasses 4,617 RNA virus RdRps and consists of 5 major branches; 2 of the branches include positive-sense RNA viruses, 1 is a mix of positive-sense (ϩ) RNA and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, and 2 consist of dsRNA and negative-sense (Ϫ) RNA viruses, respectively. This tree topology implies that dsRNA viruses evolved from ϩRNA viruses on at least two independent occasions, whereas ϪRNA viruses evolved from dsRNA viruses. Reconstruction of RNA virus evolution using the RdRp tree as the scaffold suggests that the last common ancestors of the major branches of ϩRNA viruses encoded only the RdRp and a single jelly-roll capsid protein. Subsequent evolution involved independent capture of additional genes, in particular, those encoding distinct RNA helicases, enabling replication of larger RNA genomes and facilitating virus genome expression and virus-host interactions. Phylogenomic analysis reveals extensive gene module exchange among diverse viruses and horizontal virus transfer between distantly related hosts. Although the network of evolutionary relationships within the RNA virome is bound to further expand, the present results call for a thorough reevaluation of the RNA virus taxonomy. IMPORTANCE The majority of the diverse viruses infecting eukaryotes have RNA genomes, including numerous human, animal, and plant pathogens. Recent advances of metagenomics have led to the discovery of many new groups of RNA viruses in a wide range of hosts. These findings enable a far more complete reconstruction of the evolution of RNA viruses than was attainable previously. This reconstruction reveals the relationships between different Baltimore classes of viruses and indicates extensive transfer of viruses between distantly related hosts, such as plants and animals. These results call for a major revision of the existing taxonomy of RNA viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

Wolf

Kazlauskas

Iranzo

et al. 2018

mBio

442

333

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, fungi that are tightly associated with plants and insects often share closely related viruses with these organisms (116-118). Furthermore, an indisputable case of cross-kingdom transfer of an insect iflavirus to an entomopathogenic fungus has been recently described (119).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

Dolja¹,

Wolf

Kazlauskas³

et al. 2018

Preprint

118

197

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Viruses with RNA genomes dominate the eukaryotic virome, reaching enormous diversity in animals and plants. The recent advances of metaviromics prompted us to perform a detailed phylogenomic reconstruction of the evolution of the dramatically expanded global RNA virome. The only universal gene among RNA viruses is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We developed an iterative computational procedure that alternates the RdRp phylogenetic tree construction with refinement of the underlying multiple sequence alignments. The resulting tree encompasses 4,617 RNA virus RdRps and consists of 5 major branches, 2 of which include positive-sense RNA viruses, 1 is a mix of positive-sense (+) RNA and double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses, and 2 consist of dsRNA and negative-sense (−) RNA viruses, respectively. This tree topology implies that dsRNA viruses evolved from +RNA viruses on at least two independent occasions, whereas -RNA viruses evolved from dsRNA viruses. Reconstruction of RNA virus evolution using the RdRp tree as the scaffold suggests that the last common ancestors of the major branches of +RNA viruses encoded only the RdRp and a single jelly-roll capsid protein. Subsequent evolution involved independent capture of additional genes, particularly, those encoding distinct RNA helicases, enabling replication of larger RNA genomes and facilitating virus genome expression and virus-host interactions. Phylogenomic analysis reveals extensive gene module exchange among diverse viruses and horizontal virus transfer between distantly related hosts. Although the network of evolutionary relationships within the RNA virome is bound to further expand, the present results call for a thorough reevaluation of the RNA virus taxonomy.IMPORTANCEThe majority of the diverse viruses infecting eukaryotes have RNA genomes, including numerous human, animal, and plant pathogens. Recent advances of metagenomics have led to the discovery of many new groups of RNA viruses in a wide range of hosts. These findings enable a far more complete reconstruction of the evolution of RNA viruses than what was attainable previously. This reconstruction reveals the relationships between different Baltimore Classes of viruses and indicates extensive transfer of viruses between distantly related hosts, such as plants and animals. These results call for a major revision of the existing taxonomy of RNA viruses.

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“…Viruses can confer additional functions to other organisms by affecting their hosts. A virus was reported to manipulate insects either directly (Hoover et al, 2011) or through its fungal host (Coyle et al, 2018) without killing the host. Previously, a mycovirus that infects an endophytic fungus was shown to confer (E) Virus determination and identification of the cultures.…”

Section: (Legend Continued On Next Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 2-kb Mycovirus Converts a Pathogenic Fungus into a Beneficial Endophyte for Brassica Protection and Yield Enhancement

et al. 2020

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Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi, and hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses have the potential to control fungal diseases. However, it is unclear how mycovirus-mediated hypovirulent strains live and survive in the field, and no mycovirus has been applied for field crop protection. In this study, we found that a previously identified small DNA mycovirus (SsHADV-1) can convert its host, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, from a typical necrotrophic pathogen to a beneficial endophytic fungus. SsHADV-1 downregulates the expression of key pathogenicity factor genes in S. sclerotiorum during infection. When growing in rapeseed, the SsHADV-1-infected strain DT-8 significantly regulates the expression of rapeseed genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and circadian rhythm pathways. As a result, plant growth is promoted and disease resistance is enhanced. Field experiments showed that spraying DT-8 at the early flowering stage can reduce the disease severity of rapeseed stem rot by 67.6% and improve yield by 14.9%. Moreover, we discovered that SsHADV-1 could also infect other S. sclerotiorum strains on DT-8-inoculated plants and that DT-8 could be recovered from dead plants. These findings suggest that the mycoviruses may have the ability to shape the origin of endophytism. Our discoveries suggest that mycoviruses may influence the origin of endophytism and may also offer a novel strategy for disease control in which mycovirus-infected strains are used to improve crop health and release mycoviruses into the field.

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Entomophthovirus: An insect-derived iflavirus that infects a behavior manipulating fungal pathogen of dipterans

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome

A 2-kb Mycovirus Converts a Pathogenic Fungus into a Beneficial Endophyte for Brassica Protection and Yield Enhancement

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