Entrained flow gasification of coal

Soelberg, Nick; Smoot, L.D.; Hedman, Paul O.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(85)90009-2

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The high temperatures and pressures at which entrained-flow gasifiers operate, as well as the presence of corrosive and poisonous syngas components and molten slag, make sampling of gases within the reactor very challenging. Previous studies have investigated gas-phase sampling of black liquor [2,3] and dry-fed entrained-flow coal gasification systems focusing on major syngas components [4][5][6] and sulfur and nitrogen release [7][8][9][10]. These studies used probes that were side-mounted to measure gas compositions at specified axial locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extractive gas-phase sampling of the reaction zone of a pressurized entrained-flow coal gasifier

Wagner

Whitty

2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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a b s t r a c tA novel extractive gas-phase sampling system was developed for use in a pressurized entrained-flow coal gasifier. The system comprised three parts: a water-cooled probe through which the sampled gases travel, a pneumatic cylinder that directs the radial sampling location, and the control system. The system was designed for safe sampling of the harsh environment in gasifiers and can help understand spatial distribution of concentrations in such a system. To confirm operation of the sampling system, gas-phase samples were extracted from the reaction zone of a 1 ton/day pilot entrained-flow coal gasifier operating at a pressure of 11 bar and at temperatures ranging from 1370 to 1540°C. Concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen decreased with increasing temperature while carbon dioxide increased with temperature, a result of the higher oxygen/fuel ratio needed to achieve the higher temperature. Synthesis gas (syngas) heating values decreased correspondingly with increasing temperature and the heating value of the syngas exiting the gasifier was higher than for syngas extracted from the reaction zone. Under conditions tested, no statistically significant variation in gas composition with radial position was observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extractive gas-phase sampling of the reaction zone of a pressurized entrained-flow coal gasifier

Wagner

Whitty

2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…Soelberg et al and Smoot and Brown studied the mixing, reaction processes and controlling mechanism with in a laboratory‐scale entrained coal gasifier at atmospheric pressure, through analysis of experimental data. They observed the existence of three regions of mixing and the reaction in the gasifier.…”

Section: Mathematical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum coke gasification: A review

et al. 2013

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The production of petroleum coke (petcoke) in the refineries is progressively peaking up because of the trend of processing heavy crudes and in turn, a renewed interest in delayed coking process. Therefore, an efficient, economical, and environmentally safe utilisation of petcoke has become imperative in the current petroleum refining scenario. Gasification of petcoke has emerged as one of the attractive options and is gaining increasing attention to convert the petcoke to value‐added products. The process offers the refiners a variety of product slates mainly via synthesis gas route. The products include steam, hydrogen, electricity, chemicals (viz. methanol, ammonia, etc.), liquid fuels via Fischer–Tropsch (F‐T) synthesis and so on. Petcoke has been identified as a potential feedstock for about 15% of the total planned gasification capacity worldwide. In the present communication, the published literature pertaining to petcoke gasification has been extensively analysed and a state‐of‐the‐art review has been written that includes: (1) the importance of petcoke gasification in the present petroleum refining scenario; (2) petcoke gasification reaction mechanism, kinetics, and typical product profile; (3) parametric sensitivity of the operating variables such as temperature and pressure; (4) various gasifiers for petcoke gasification; (5) modelling efforts on different types of gasifiers and (6) future prospects of petcoke gasification. An attempt has been made to get the afore‐mentioned aspects together in a thematic framework so that the information is available at a glance and is expected to be useful as a single point source to the researchers and practicing refiners.

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“…For the cases of most interest, primary and secondary inlet velocities were chosen so that inlet Reynolds numbers corresponded to those of Soelberg et al (1985) for a reactive, entrained-flow, pulverized-coal gasifier. In these cold-flow cases, Vp was set a t 34 f 2 m/s, giving a primary stream Reynolds number of 19,000; and V, was set a t 5 + 1 m/s, giving a secondary stream Reynolds number of 3,000 600.…”

Section: Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow inlet consisted of an annular tube for the secondary stream (with annular diameters of 1.6 and 2.7 cm) around a central tube for the primary stream (ID 1.0 cm). The primary jet issued out of a pipe with a 3-mm-thick square lip which simulated the ceramic primary stream tube that was used in the reacting gasifier system of Soelberg (1985). A 35-degree half angle diverging nozzle, 4.0 cm in length, directed the …”

Section: Experimental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One near-commercial application is the use of an entrained-flow gasifier in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) (Clark and Shorter, 1986;Perry and Nager, 1986). In order to better understand and to improve pulverized-coal gasification processes, a large body of gasification data from within a laboratory-scale entrained-flow gasifier has been collected a t this laboratory (e.g., Skinner et al, 1980;Soelberg et al, 1985;Brown et al, 1986) and applied toward the development of a comprehensive computer model for pulverized-coal reactors (Smith et al, 1981;Smoot and Smith, 1985). This paper summarizes a companion LDV study of the flow processes in a simulated entrained-flow gasifier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser‐doppler velocimeter measurements in simulated entrained gasifier flows

1989

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A laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) was used in a cold-flow study of a simulated entrained-flow coal gasifier. The study was designed to provide fundamental information about the flows in such a gasifier and to provide data for the validation of a turbulence submodel used in modeling combustion processes. Measurements in 20 swirling and nonswirling flow cases were made with several levels of replication. This study emphasized the effects of inlet conditions on flow properties within the simulated reactor.Unsteady flow phenomena with time scales on the order of seconds to minutes were sometimes observed. The unsteadiness was apparently associated with relaminarization-type flow transitions.Comparisons were made with model predictions from PCGC-2, a model for combustion processes based on the k -c turbulence model. Several areas of weakness in the model results were observed, but the unusual flow regimes measured in this study may be beyond the abilities of practical computer models.

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Entrained flow gasification of coal

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Extractive gas-phase sampling of the reaction zone of a pressurized entrained-flow coal gasifier

Extractive gas-phase sampling of the reaction zone of a pressurized entrained-flow coal gasifier

Petroleum coke gasification: A review

Laser‐doppler velocimeter measurements in simulated entrained gasifier flows

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