Entrapment and suicide risk: The development of the 4-item Entrapment Scale Short-Form (E-SF)

Beurs, Derek de; Cleare, Seonaid; Wetherall, Karen; Eschle-Byrne, Sarah; Ferguson, Eamonn; O’Connor, Daryl B.; O’Connor, Rory C.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112765

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The defeat and entrapment levels are also of concern, especially among young adults at wave 1. At wave 1, more than one third (37%) of young people scored above the recommended cut-off (>5) for entrapment which indicates that further screening for suicide ideation is warranted (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23 Feelings of defeat (perceived failed struggle and loss of rank) were assessed using four items from Griffiths' short-form scale. 24 The Entrapment Scale Short-form 25 was used to explore perceptions of entrapment (feeling trapped by thoughts and feelings or situation). Mental well-being was assessed via the 7-item Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health & Wellbeing study

et al. 2020

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Background: The effects of COVID-19 on the population's mental health and wellbeing are likely to be profound and long-lasting. Aims: To investigate the trajectory of mental health and wellbeing during the first six weeks of lockdown in adults in the UK. Method: A quota survey design and a sampling frame that permitted recruitment of a national sample was employed. Findings for waves 1 (31 st March to 9 th April 2020), 2 (10 th April to 27 th April 2020) and 3 (28 th April to 11 th May 2020) are reported here. A range of mental health factors was assessed: pre-existing mental health problems, suicide attempts and self-harm, suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, defeat, entrapment, mental well-being, and loneliness. Results: A total of 3077 adults in the UK completed the survey at wave 1. Suicidal ideation increased over time. Symptoms of anxiety, levels of defeat and entrapment decreased across waves whereas levels of depressive symptoms did not change significantly. Positive wellbeing also increased. Levels of loneliness did not change significantly over waves. Subgroup analyses showed that females, young people (18-29 years), those from more socially disadvantaged backgrounds, and those with pre-existing mental health problems have worse mental health outcomes during the pandemic across most factors. Conclusions: The mental health and wellbeing of the UK adult population appears to have been affected in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The increasing rates of suicidal thoughts across waves, especially among young adults, are concerning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health & Wellbeing study

et al. 2020

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“…10,11 Feelings of defeat (perceived failure and loss of rank) were assessed with the four-item defeat subscale of the Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale by Griffiths et al 12 Perceptions of entrapment (feeling trapped by thoughts and feelings or circumstances) were measured with the Entrapment Scale Short-Form. 13 Mental well-being was assessed with the seven-item Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. 14 Loneliness was measured with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, developed from the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and well-being during the second wave of COVID-19: longitudinal analyses of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study (UK COVID-MH)

et al. 2022

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Background Waves 1 to 3 (March 2020 to May 2020) of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study suggested an improvement in some indicators of mental health across the first 6 weeks of the UK lockdown; however, suicidal ideation increased. Aims To report the prevalence of mental health and well-being of adults in the UK from March/April 2020 to February 2021. Method Quota sampling was employed at wave 1 (March/April 2020), and online surveys were conducted at seven time points. Primary analyses cover waves 4 (May/June 2020), 5 (July/August 2020), 6 (October 2020) and 7 (February 2021), including a period of increased restrictions in the UK. Mental health indicators were suicidal ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt, depression, anxiety, defeat, entrapment, loneliness and well-being. Results A total of 2691 (87.5% of wave 1) individuals participated in at least one survey between waves 4 and 7. Depressive symptoms and loneliness increased from October 2020 to February 2021. Defeat and entrapment increased from July/August 2020 to October 2020, and remained elevated in February 2021. Well-being decreased from July/August 2020 to October 2020. Anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation did not change. Young adults, women, those who were socially disadvantaged and those with a pre-existing mental health condition reported worse mental health. Conclusions The mental health and well-being of the UK population deteriorated from July/August 2020 to October 2020 and February 2021, which coincided with the second wave of COVID-19. Suicidal thoughts did not decrease significantly, suggesting a need for continued vigilance as we recover from the pandemic.

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“…The IMV model (O’Connor, 2011; O’Connor & Kirtley, 2018) is quickly becoming an international lens through which suicide is being studied and intervention work is being developed (e.g. De Beurs et al, 2020; Cramer et al, 2019; Tucker et al, 2016). While the primary defeat-entrapment-suicidal behavior pathway is fairly well-supported, much more work is needed to identify threat-to-self and motivational moderators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desire for control and the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior: Results from a pilot investigation of adults in the United Kingdom

Saint-Cyr

Gallagher

Cramer

et al. 2021

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Suicidal behavior remains a pressing problem in the United Kingdom. Continued theory development is a critical step toward designing effective prevention. Aims: The present study tested a novel element to suicide theory, the Desire for Control, for its direct and moderating roles within the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model of Suicidal Behavior. Method: An online-administered cross-sectional suicide risk survey study ( n = 116) was conducted among adults living in the United Kingdom. Results: Mean suicidal ideation scores were in the non-clinical range. DOC Leadership and Destiny Control were associated with good mental health. DOC Decision Avoidance was associated with poor mental health. DOC Decision Avoidance also acted as a motivational moderator in which the entrapment-suicidal thinking link was worse among those high in decisional avoidance. Conclusion: DOC represents a novel, valuable addition to suicide theory and may inform suicide-specific psychotherapeutic intervention. Additional research is needed to full understand the role of DOC and its factor structures in the IMV.

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Entrapment and suicide risk: The development of the 4-item Entrapment Scale Short-Form (E-SF)

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health & Wellbeing study

Mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal analyses of adults in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health & Wellbeing study

Mental health and well-being during the second wave of COVID-19: longitudinal analyses of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study (UK COVID-MH)

Desire for control and the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior: Results from a pilot investigation of adults in the United Kingdom

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