Entrapping homogeneous catalysts by sol–gel methods: the bottom-up synthesis of catalysts that recycle and cascade

Marr, Andrew C.; Marr, Patricia C.

doi:10.1039/c0dt00888e

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This method physically imprisoned the catalyst preventing free diffusion through the solvent and therefore making processes that result from the interaction between the bio-and chemo-catalyst unlikely. 17 Entrapping both catalysts in chemoenzymatic DKR is likely to lead to a highly diffusion limited process, therefore we investigated the entrapment of just the biocatalyst (CalB) in silica gels.…”

Section: Changing the Enzyme And Bio-chemo Compatibility Entrapping mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing side reactions in chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution: organometallic and material strategies

et al. 2012

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Chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of rac-1-phenyl ethanol into R-1-phenylethanol acetate was investigated with emphasis on the minimization of side reactions. The organometallic hydrogen transfer (racemization) catalyst was varied, and this was observed to alter the rate and extent of oxidation of the alcohol to form ketone side products. The performance of highly active catalyst [(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)IrCl(2)(1-benzyl,3-methyl-imidazol-2-ylidene)] was found to depend on the batch of lipase B used. The interaction between the bio- and chemo-catalysts was reduced by employing physical entrapment of the enzyme in silica using a sol-gel process. The nature of the gelation method was found to be important, with an alkaline method preferred, as an acidic method was found to initiate a further side reaction, the acid catalyzed dehydration of the secondary alcohol. The acidic gel was found to be a heterogeneous solid acid.

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Section: Changing the Enzyme And Bio-chemo Compatibility Entrapping mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing side reactions in chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution: organometallic and material strategies

et al. 2012

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“…This endows ionogels with adjustable properties suitable for numerous applications including catalysis, optical and magnetic devices, or fuel cells . In all cases, the properties of the hybrid material (the ionogel) are directly related to the properties of the IL …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DyeIonogels: Proton‐Responsive Ionogels Based on a Dye‐Ionic Liquid Exhibiting Reversible Color Change

Xie

Huang

Taubert

2014

Adv Funct Materials

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Transparent, ion-conducting, and flexible ionogels based on the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide [Bmim][N(Tf)₂ ], the dye-IL (DIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl orange [Bmim][MO], and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) are prepared. Upon IL incorporation the thermal stability of the PMMA matrix significantly increases from 220 to 280 °C. The ionogels have a relatively high ionic conductivity of 10^-4 S cm^-1 at 373 K. Most importantly, the ionogels exhibit a strong and reversible color change when exposed to aqueous or organic solutions containing protons or hydroxide ions. The resulting material is thus a prototype of soft multifunctional matter featuring ionic conductivity, easy processability, response to changes in the environment, and a strong readout signal, the color change, that could be used in optical data storage or environmental sensing

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“…However, the reactivity and the selectivity of these catalysts were significantly lower than with their homogeneous analogues. A Sol-gel process, which is based on the hydrolysis and polycondensation of metal alkoxides, has been also utilized extensively for the preparation of heterogenized catalysts [2][3][4][5][6]. According to this method, the heterogenization process can be achieved via physical encapsulation of homogeneous catalyst or by covalent binding of catalysts functionalized with trialkoxysilane groups.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically Separable Base Catalysts: Heterogeneous Catalysis vs. Quasi-Homogeneous Catalysis

Abu‐Reziq

Alper

2012

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The synthesis of magnetically separable quasi-homogeneous base catalyst and heterogeneous base catalyst is described. The quasi-homogeneous catalyst is achieved by supporting silane monomers functionalized with different amine groups directly on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles. The heterogeneous catalyst is prepared via a sol-gel process in which silane monomers containing different amine groups are copolymerized with tetraethoxysilane in the presence of magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with ionic liquid moieties. The reactivity of the quasi-homogeneous and the heterogeneous base catalysts is compared in the nitroaldol condensation.

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Entrapping homogeneous catalysts by sol–gel methods: the bottom-up synthesis of catalysts that recycle and cascade

Abstract: Homogeneous catalysts entrapped in silica matrices, including ionic liquid containing 'ionogels', exhibit high selectivity, unexpected activity and excellent recyclability.

Cited by 47 publications

References 52 publications

Minimizing side reactions in chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution: organometallic and material strategies

Minimizing side reactions in chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution: organometallic and material strategies

DyeIonogels: Proton‐Responsive Ionogels Based on a Dye‐Ionic Liquid Exhibiting Reversible Color Change

Magnetically Separable Base Catalysts: Heterogeneous Catalysis vs. Quasi-Homogeneous Catalysis

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