Entrepreneurial intentions in developing and developed countries

Abstract

Purpose -This study proposes to use the Theory of Planned Behaviour to predict entrepreneurial intentions among students in five developing and nine developed countries. The purpose is to investigate whether entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents differ between developing and developed countries, and to test the theory in the two groups of countries. Design/methodology/approach -A total of 2,225 students in 13 countries participated in this study by responding to a structured questionnaire in classrooms. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. Findings -The findings indicate that respondents from developing countries have stronger entrepreneurial intentions than those from developed countries. Moreover, the respondents from developing countries also score higher on the theory's antecedents of entrepreneurial intentionsattitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control -than respondents from developed countries. The findings support the Theory of Planned Behaviour in both developing and developed countries.Research limitations/implications -The findings strongly support the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The measure of subjective norms used, a multiple-item index encompassing the views of other people and motivation to comply with these, seems to have advantages over other measures of this concept. Practical implications -Developing countries need to focus on the development of institutions that can support entrepreneurial efforts. At the same time, developed economies may need to accept that entrepreneurial intentions are dependent on the dynamism of an economic environment and possibly on risk-perceiving behaviours. Originality/value -While multiple-country studies on entrepreneurship in developing and developed countries have been called for, no previous study has compared entrepreneurial intentions between developing and developed countries. The inclusion of developing countries provides a unique quasi-experimental setting in which to test the theory.

Entrepreneurial Perceptions of Students of University of Central Punjab, Lahore and Also Finding the Hindrances They Perceive

“…On the other hand many experimental findings show that the students from underdeveloped countries have sharper and stronger entrepreneurial mind-set than those the students of developed countries. The results support the "Theory of Planned Behavior" in underdeveloped and developed countries [11]. Other research studies have examined and argued that the reason is the utility resulting from desiring self-employment over habitual career opportunities -as it is described by Kabui and Maalu that individuals will select selfemployment as a professional opportunity if the value derived from this collection goes beyond the value resulting from employment.…”

Personality Traits and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Administration Students of Selected Higher Education Institutions in Pampanga, Philippines

“…It has also been held that entrepreneurial disposition and intentions vary depending on the country (Janssen et al, 2011). Iakovleva et al, (2011) concluded that respondents from developing countries have stronger entrepreneurial intentions compared to those from developed nations. This is supported by empirical results that indicated students from developing countries have strong desirability in envisioning for their careers as entrepreneurs (Davey et al, 2011).…”

An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Intention amongst Arab University Students

“…This study as others wants to investigate the effect of psychometric variables on intention (Iakovleva, Kolvereid, & Stephan, 2011). The suggested variables are family history of being entrepreneurs, country, and type of a university (state or private), gender, work experience and self employed as shown in Appendix-A.…”