‘Entrepreneurs out of necessity’: a snapshot

Abstract

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Microfranchise emergence and its impact on entrepreneurship

“…Studies of necessity entrepreneurs have uncovered distinct socioeconomic attributes -lower education, for example (Block and Wagner 2010;Poschke 2013). Moreover, these individuals were found to differ from 'opportunity entrepreneurs' in other attributes as well such as the level of human capital (Block et al 2015).…”

Considering Education for Opportunity versus Necessity-based Entrepreneurs: Does Income Lead to Greater Entrepreneurial Well-Being

“…These entrepreneurs voluntarily establish new businesses by leaving their regular employments in order to pursue an opportunity for which they more likely to utilize a higher formal education in these new startups. In describing the characteristics of necessity entrepreneurship at country level, Poschke (2010) use GEM data between 2001 and 2005 and find that educated people tend to be less inclined towards necessity entrepreneurship. Necessity entrepreneurs are also associated with relatively lower levels of satisfaction considering even switching back to regular employment as they find such opportunities further in their entrepreneurial careers (Kautonen & Palmroos, 2010).…”

“…The concept of necessity entrepreneurship was first introduced in GEM studies in 2001 and reflects forced entrepreneurship representing the individuals who have no better choices for work (Bosma & Harding, 2006;Kautonen & Palmroos, 2010;Poschke, 2010;Reynolds et al, 2005). While entrepreneurship cannot be thought independently from opportunities, necessity entrepreneurs form…”

“…BERJ (8) 4 2017 a fairly large group of entrepreneurs especially in countries characterized by high entrepreneurship rates and lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (Poschke, 2010). Thus, necessity entrepreneurship along with opportunity entrepreneurship form the two types of entrepreneurship based on the individuals' motives to engage in entrepreneurial activities.…”

¿Cambió la primera crisis financiera global los valores empresariales en las sociedades digitalizadas basadas en el marketing? El caso de GEM países latinoamericanos

“…major stream in academic entrepreneurship research has been focused on determining which are the key psychological characteristics in creating new businesses, taking into consideration aspects such as ambition (Sexton & Bowman-Upton, 1990), intuition (Saiz-Alvarez, Cuervo-Arango, & Coduras, 2014), capacity for endurance in adverse situations (resilience) (Sexton & Bowman-Upton, 1990), desire for responsibility (Timmons, 1999), initiative (Jennings, Cox, & Cooper, 1994), and desire to succeed (Poschke, 2013). These psychological factors foster the entrepreneurial spirit, and augment the need for power and achievement, as shown in the classical works of McClelland (1961), Hornaday and Aboud (1971), Hornaday and Bunker (1970), and Liles (1974), and more recently in Jennings, Cox and Cooper (1994), and Demiralp and Francis (2013).…”