“…Following the previous studies on second stage analysis in efficiency evaluation (for example, Cummins, Weiss, Xie, & Zi, 2010;Du & O'Connor, 2018;Nourani et al, 2017), this study uses a number of variables, categorized into country-level and firm-level variables (Kim, Papanastassiou, & Nguyen, 2017), to control for the factors that 2014) that focus on treating the overall operating process of a company as a production process. The two main inputs for an aerospace and defence company are capital (resources) and labour (manpower).…”