Entrepreneurship of people with disabilities in Spain: Socioeconomic aspects

Abstract

El emprendimiento es fundamental para conseguir una mayor inclusión social y laboral del colectivo de discapacitados. Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo profundizar en los aspectos socioeconómicos que influyen en el emprendimiento del individuo discapacitado. Tras un estudio cualitativo por medio de 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas, individualizadas y orales, los resultados muestran que este colectivo presenta una situación socioeconómica concreta que dificulta su emprendimiento y les diferencia del resto de individuos. Básicamente, emprenden por la necesidad de supervivencia, pues tienen menos ingresos y mayores gastos derivados de sus minusvalías, y por su necesidad de autorrealización. La disponibilidad de recursos financieros es normalmente inferior al resto de los individuos, consiguiéndolos esencialmente de su reducido entorno social, recomendándose una especial fiscalidad a medio plazo. El estatus social de reconocimiento por ser autosuficientes y generadores de riqueza es otro importante elemento socioeconómico. Finalmente, se proponen varias medidas orientadas al emprendimiento eficiente de este colectivo.

Resilience and entrepreneurial intentions of people with disabilities: in search of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

“…We tested the importance of the opinions of family members, friends, and colleagues for people with disabilities when deciding to become an entrepreneur. 6 This finding concurs with Martínez-León et al, 42 who showed that for people with disabilities who wanted to become entrepreneurs, moral support from one's immediate circle was even more important than having start-up funding. Therefore, the opinions of family members, friends, and other close relatives had great relevance in decision-making.…”

“…36 Similarly, it is necessary to create positive A_Attitude_Toward_Entrepreneurship among people with disabilities by showing them and their influential loved-ones the possible results on a personal or professional level. 42 Therefore, the key is to send a clear message to loved ones, who could break down barriers and significantly influence a person with disabilities' interest and success in entrepreneurship. 22,48 Such positive encouragement could lead to the freedom and economic independence they seek.…”

“…2,7,13,25,26 Academic studies on EI analysis among people with disabilities are still scarce, especially in Spain. 2,33,[41][42][43] This is despite the fact the advantages that entrepreneurship presents and the important social benefits it can bring. 2,5,13,16,17,25,26,30,31,43,44 Therefore, it is of interest to conduct studies that contribute to increasing the number of entrepreneurs among people with disabilities.…”

Employment readiness in adults with intellectual disabilities

“…Kao ljudsko pravo, rad ili zaposlenost ima značajnu vrednost u životima osoba s ometenošću jer promoviše socijalni status, finansijsku nezavisnost i emancipaciju, te unapređuje mentalno zdravlje, socijalnu inkluziju i kvalitet života (Evans & Repper, 2000;Fleming et al, 2013;Hall & Wilton, 2011). Danas je u oblasti zapošljavanja osoba s ometenošću učinjen veliki napredak, ali i dalje različiti faktori ometaju njihov pristup socijalnom i radnom domenu (Martínez-León et al, 2019). Nenaklonjena korporativna kultura reflektuje stigmu i predrasude prema osobama s ometenošću (Schur et al, 2005), što je primetno u empirijskim radovima koji ističu negativne stavove poslodavaca kao ključne karike pri zasnivanju radnog odnosa (Lindsay et al, 2018;Milanović-Dobrota, 2018).…”

“…S obzirom na činjenicu da su danas razvijeni različiti modeli i submodeli zapošljavanja, poslednjih godina se i percepcija osoba s ometenošću kao osoba koje mogu aktivno učestvovati na tržištu rada značajno promenila. U mnogim velikim kompanijama mogu obavljati različite poslove ili radne zadatke, usled čega je i zajednica ovih osoba podstaknuta da napusti staru paradigmu zavisnosti i aktivno se uključi u tržište rada (Martínez-León et al, 2019). Pojedine inostrane empirijske studije izveštavale su da osobe sa IO žele da rade (Donelly et al, 2010;Holwerda et al, 2013), ali se kroz literaturu naglašava determinantna uloga motivacije u njihovom angažovanju.…”