Entropy-based analysis and classification of acute tonic pain from microwave transcranial signals obtained via the microwave-scattering approach

Yang, Daoguo; Geng, Daoshuang; Zheng, Lixia; Cai, Miao; Hao, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102391

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Brain neural activity was activated by cold pain, and the rhythmic oscillations activated by electromagnetic waves were increasingly pronounced. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the characteristics of permittivity of brain extracellular uid and the physical properties of microwave determine the changes in neural activity signals (Li et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2021). Microwaves were transmitted to brain activation areas that are stimulated by cold pain stimuli, and ion activity in these areas was enhanced; thus, microwaves interact with neural activity, thereby leading to changes in the power of EEG oscillations (Geng et al, 2019;Geng et al, 2020a;Yang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the characteristics of permittivity of brain extracellular uid and the physical properties of microwave determine the changes in neural activity signals (Li et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2021). Microwaves were transmitted to brain activation areas that are stimulated by cold pain stimuli, and ion activity in these areas was enhanced; thus, microwaves interact with neural activity, thereby leading to changes in the power of EEG oscillations (Geng et al, 2019;Geng et al, 2020a;Yang et al, 2021). Therefore, the penetration of highfrequency microwave can affect the activity of cerebral nerve cortex; ion migration and membrane movement in neurons are the main results of changes in EEG power; this nding has been con rmed by several researchers (Huber et al, 2002;Hinrikus et al, 2008b;Hinrikus et al, 2011;Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, many neurological diseases of the brain can more or less affect the discharge behavior of the central nervous system, hence, the early detection and early treatment of diseases is also a hot spot of current research (Li et al, 2014;Geng et al, 2020b). In contrast to the drawbacks and inconveniences of EEG and fMRI, microwaves are being considered by researchers to measure sleep brain activity (Li et al, 2014;Geng et al, 2020a;Yang et al, 2021). To further verify the feasibility and reliability of microwave detection of dynamic brain activity, we considered the testing and analysis of brain activity activated by cold pain stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measurement and evaluation of neural activity in acute tonic cold pain under intense microwave radiation

Geng

Sun

Yang

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To explore the influence of high-frequency microwave transmission on the power change of EEG in pain-induced brain activity. we propose a method, to measure and evaluate the relative changes in the Electroencephalographic (EEG) power for microwave frequencies 4.5, 5, and 5.5 GHz in no pain (NP) and cold pain (CP) conditions. The relative power changes of EEG frequency bands in delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 were calculated with and without (Sham) microwave transmission. Then, the standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) was used to analyze the source localization of different pain types. In addition, a pain brain activity detection experiment was designed to verify the feasibility and accuracy of microwave detection of pain. At 5 GHz microwave transmission, the average EEG power of delta, beta1, and beta2 increased by 10–35%, which was substantially higher than that of Sham. In source localization analysis, the source activity changes of the activated brain regions were enhanced under high frequency microwave radiation. The proposed method can better reflect the variation of active state EEG power under high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. In the test of pain detection, microwave transcranial (MT) signal has certain correlation with the spectrum characteristics of EEG signal in the same test state, and the experimental results confirm that MT signal is indeed related to pain brain activity. This study provides a basis for microwave detection of neural activity induced by cold pain and has great significance for clinical diagnosis of pain-induced diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurement and evaluation of neural activity in acute tonic cold pain under intense microwave radiation

Geng

Sun

Yang

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The spectral analysis was further implied to evaluate if the different frequency components of the bioimpedance time-series signal can determine pain and no-pain features. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is suitable for nonstationary signals, widely used in biomedical applications [27].…”

Section: Spectral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal-induced (cold) pain provides a minimum risk of tissue injury and the pain stops after the removal of the stimulus. The cold-pressure test, as well as heat stimulation, were used for years for detecting and analysing tonic pain due to their trigger of the noxious stimulus [27]. The use of the cold-pressor test in this study for the experimental tonic pain simulates closely the clinical pain, exhibiting similar qualities of pain perception: pressing, aching, smarting, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%