Entropy Crowdsourcing – Protocols for Link Key Updates in Wireless Sensor Networks

Nemec, Lukas; Ostadal, Radim; Matyáš, Václav; Švenda, Petr

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03251-7_9

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The overall results correspond to our previous findings that static networks are suitable for KEx use only to a certain extent as the amount of entropy, which can be gathered, is limited (regardless of the network environment). Similar results in previous experiments motivated our research on entropy crowdsourcing [ 4 ], which proves to be still relevant, even to our current network setup.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Facing the issue of low entropy levels produced by the key extraction alone, in [ 4 ], we proposed two approaches to combining entropy over multiple links. These two protocols are inspired by the classical secrecy amplification protocol versions—Push and Pull.…”

Section: Dynamic Approach Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other approach we researched in [ 4 ] assumes that the network environment is not suitable for KEx execution. However, we aim to utilize even the small amounts of entropy produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Dynamic Approaches to Key (Re-)Establishment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Nemec

Matyáš

Ostadal

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks with a large number of cheap low-power interconnected devices bring up challenging tasks when considering the security of their communications. In our previous work, we presented two approaches for the design of dynamic protocols for link key (re-)establishment in ad hoc networks, using two elements studied earlier—secrecy amplification and key extraction from radio channel fading. The goal of this article is to provide a unified approach to the design of these protocols, together with their experimental verification, in a real network with various settings. The overall results of our experiments show that our dynamic combination of secrecy amplification and key extraction from radio channel fading saves a significant portion of messages with corresponding energy expenditure and can adapt to a much wider scale of environments when compared to previous solutions based on the exploitation of the individual elements of secrecy amplification and key extraction from radio channel fading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Dynamic Approach Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating Dynamic Approaches to Key (Re-)Establishment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Nemec

Matyáš

Ostadal

et al. 2019

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…SA protocols have also recently been exploited in a combination with key extraction from radio channel fading, with promising results for certain types of networks and their operational environments [7,8].…”

Section: Secrecy Amplification Principles and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowdsourced Security Reconstitution for Wireless Sensor Networks: Secrecy Amplification

Ostadal

Matyáš

Švenda

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Research in the area of security for Wireless Sensor Networks over the past two decades has yielded many interesting findings. We focus on the topic of (re-)securing link keys between sensor nodes through so-called secrecy amplification (SA) protocols. Crowdsourcing is at the very heart of these SA protocols. Not only do SA protocols work wonders even for low-level constrained nodes with no tamper resistance, they exhibit astonishing performance in networks under significant attacker control. Our work shows that even when 50% of all network links are compromised, SA protocols can re-secure over 90% of the link keys through an intriguingly simple crowdsourcing mechanism. These protocols allow us to re-take control without any broadly coordinated cooperation, without knowledge of the compromised links, with only very limited knowledge of each particular network node and independently of decisions made by other nodes. Our article first outlines the principles of and presents existing approaches to SA, introducing most of the important related concepts, then presents novel conclusive results for a realistic attacker model parametrised by attacker behaviour and capabilities. We undertook this work using two very different simulators, and we present here the results of analyses and detailed comparisons that have not previously been available. Finally, we report the first real, non-simulated network test results for the most attractive SA protocol, our implementations of which are available as open-source code for two platforms: Arduino and TinyOS. This work demonstrates the practical usability (and the attractive performance) of SA, serving as a ripe technology enabler for (among others) networks with many potentially compromised low-level devices.

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Entropy Crowdsourcing – Protocols for Link Key Updates in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluating Dynamic Approaches to Key (Re-)Establishment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Evaluating Dynamic Approaches to Key (Re-)Establishment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Crowdsourced Security Reconstitution for Wireless Sensor Networks: Secrecy Amplification

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