“…Notably, the amplitude of non-isothermal wall temperature variation plays a significant role in the growth of minimum entropy generation rate, for instance, A = 1. Meanwhile, for isothermal wall case, A = 0, the analysis also agreed with Li and Yang [23] in the fact that the optimal entropy generation number is proportional to the four root of group parameter, Ra/Ja. Therefore, the amplitude of non-isothermal wall temperature variation is the major concern for the second law based on minimization of total entropy generation rate.…”