Entry and toxicity of organic pesticides and copper in vineyard streams: Erosion rills jeopardise the efficiency of riparian buffer strips

The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage: A review

“…Therefore, the fine fraction moved by wind beyond the intended area of application is defined as spray drift (Stephenson et al, 2006). Spray drift is important especially in the areas of permanent crops (Bereswill et al, 2012;Schulz et al, 2001a), and within the last decades, it has been established that aerial pesticide drift is the major contributor to environmental pollution by pesticides besides runoff and erosion (FOCUS, 2007). Pesticide spraydrift phenomenon has been reviewed by Ucar and Hall (2001), Gill and Sinfort (2005), Reichenberger et al (2007) and Felsot et al (2010).…”

“…Riparian ecosystems act as a nutrient sink for lateral runoff from uplands and therefore, these wetlands are important buffer zones between agricultural lands and streams (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). Riparian buffer zones have long been known for effective reduction of nitrate loads (Peterjohn and Correll, 1984;Lowrance, 1992;Gilliam, 1994;Blicher-Mathiesen and Hoffmann, 1999), but these areas have also been evaluated in terms of pesticide removal (Pavel et al, 1999;Dosskey, 2001;Liu et al, 2008;Kidmose et al, 2010;Ohliger and Schulz, 2010;Bereswill et al, 2012;Lizotte et al, 2012;Karpuczu et al, 2013).…”

Erosion rills offset the efficacy of vegetated buffer strips to mitigate pesticide exposure in surface waters

“…With respect to exposure pathways, runoff, in particular, has often been identified as the dominant route of diffuse pesticide surface water pollution (Bereswill et al, 2012;Schulz, 2001a;Stehle and Schulz, 2015a). The amount of pesticides entering water bodies via runoff depends on the specific characteristics of the buffer strips (e.g., width, vegetation density, soil type) separating treated agricultural areas and water bodies (Bereswill et al, 2012;Reichenberger et al, 2007), apart from other factors such as rainfall intensity, soil moisture, and slopes (Capel et al, 2001;Reichenberger et al, 2007).…”

“…The amount of pesticides entering water bodies via runoff depends on the specific characteristics of the buffer strips (e.g., width, vegetation density, soil type) separating treated agricultural areas and water bodies (Bereswill et al, 2012;Reichenberger et al, 2007), apart from other factors such as rainfall intensity, soil moisture, and slopes (Capel et al, 2001;Reichenberger et al, 2007). Buffer strips are effective mitigation measures that reduce the amounts of pollutants entering surface waters via runoff through infiltration, adsorption, interception and sediment deposition (Borin et al, 2005;Reichenberger et al, 2007;Schmitt et al, 1999).…”

Effects of mixtures of dissolved and particulate contaminants on phototrophic biofilms: new insights from a PICT approach combining toxicity tests with passive samplers and model substances

“…Agriculture is a major source of diffuse contamination of surface waters, and so streams located in agricultural regions are particularly exposed to these pollutants. This is especially the case in vineyard areas, viticulture being a major consumer of metals (mainly copper, frequently used as a fungicide; Bereswill et al 2012) and organic pesticides. For example, in France, the vine-growing sector is the second largest consumer of organic pesticides (20 % by volume) after cereals; this consumption being out of all proportion to the total vine-growing area (less than 4 % of farmland in use; Saint-Ges and Bélis-Bergouignan 2009).…”