Entry into force of ship ballast water management Convention and its implementation from perspective of Northeast Asia

Impacts of climate change on marine species invasions in northern hemisphere high-latitude ecosystems

“…org). The Ballast Water Management convention, an international agreement through the United Nations International Marine Organization which began enforcement in 2017, standardizes protocol for the dumping of ballast water to reduce the likelihood of species introduction (David et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2017). At the same time as regulations to prevent transport via ballast water and hull fouling are likely reducing propagule pressure, the effects of climate change on abiotic invasion resistance may make individual propagules more likely to establish.…”

Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products

“…A ship is filled with ballast water at the source port during the loading and unloading process ( Yang et al., 2017 ). The ballast tank is filled fully with water without any cargo load during voyage when it leaves the source port.…”