Entry modes and national systems of innovation

Álvarez, Isabel; Marín, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.intman.2010.09.005

Cited by 45 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Even though it can be claimed that some regions are over-represented in comparison to others, I do not believe that this can cause significant shortcomings in the analysis. First, because the intention is to develop an aggregate assessment of developing countries, recognizing that this is a heterogeneous group of nations (Álvarez & Marín, 2010). Second, the statistical method used is bound to deal with this heterogeneity adequately (see remarks of fixed-effects regressions below).…”

Section: Methodological Remarks: Sample and Estimation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focus is given to the case of developing countries (classified as middle-income nations -see section Analytical Framework for a thorough conceptualization), since there is a widespread claim that positive externalities arising from FDI are particularly relevant for these nations, given their situation of innovative laggards (Hansen & Rand, 2006;Waldkirch, 2011). Also, these economies are playing an increasingly relevant role in FDI attraction flows (Álvarez & Marín, 2010), particularly for KIBS (Yang & Yan, 2010). Lastly, and perhaps more importantly, globalization issues related to developing countries' NISs are meagerly addressed in scientific literature (Teixeira, 2013), resulting in a lack of theoretical and empirical knowledge for the specificities of this group of nations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Contributions of Knowledge-Intensive Business-Services Multinationals to Laggard Innovation Systems

Fischer

2015

BAR, Braz. Adm. Rev.

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is assumed to be a source of knowledge flows across National Innovation Systems, with particular relevance for developing countries. Nonetheless, empirical assessments are usually manufacturingoriented, providing only a partial view of the phenomena under scrutiny. This article aims at contributing to this body of literature by investigating the impacts of inward FDI on aggregate outcomes of developing countries' National Innovation Systems, taking into account potential contributions from Knowledge-Intensive BusinessServices (KIBS) multinationals and their respective comparison with manufacturing investments. Using a panel dataset comprising 38 developing countries (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), fixed-effects regressions are applied according to a traditional endogenous growth model. Empirical findings underscore the relevance of KIBS MNCs' contributions to host innovation systems in developing countries. These impacts broadly surmount those of manufacturing FDI and they are particularly significant for: (a) value added in services; (b) value added in manufacturing; (c) aggregate export capacity; and (d) international (United States Patent and Trademark Office [USPTO]) patenting activity.

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Section: Methodological Remarks: Sample and Estimation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Contributions of Knowledge-Intensive Business-Services Multinationals to Laggard Innovation Systems

Fischer

2015

BAR, Braz. Adm. Rev.

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“…Innovación, productividad y subsidiarias extranjeras 3 El desempeño tecnológico y productivo difiere entre diferentes tipos de subsidiarias dependiendo de múltiples factores tanto internos como externos a las mismas. Entre los más importantes se pueden señalar: (i) el tipo de mandato asignado a las subsidiarias que define su posición en el grupo multinacional (Cantwell y Mudambi, 2005) (ii) la estructura de propiedad y las formas de entrada de la inversión extranjera, ya sea por medio de inversiones greenfield o fusiones y adquisiciones (Almeida y Fernandes, 2008;Álvarez y Marín, 2010); (iii) la nacionalidad de las subsidiarias y, en particular, los efectos de diferentes estilos de gobernanza corporativa (Dachs et al, 2008); (iv) las relaciones que se establecen con actores locales que se sustentan en la disponibilidad de capital humano y una infraestructura en investigación de la economía receptora (Cantwell y Molero, 2003), y (v) el sector industrial en el que se encuentran las subsidiarias, pues estos definen diferentes oportunidades tecnológicas (Balcet y Evangelista, 2005). No todos estos factores pueden ser medidos con la información disponible, de ahí que en la presente investigación nos centramos en dos de ellos: (i) la posición de la subsidiaria en el grupo multinacional y (ii) los vínculos con organizaciones del sistema de innovación de la economía receptora.…”

Section: Marco Conceptualunclassified

Determinantes De La Innovación Y La Productividad en Las Subsidiarias Extranjeras Y Las Empresas Exportadoras en La Industria en Colombia

Salas

2015

ReE

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 RESUMENEn esta investigación se evalúan los determinantes de la innovación y su efecto sobre la productividad en las empresas extranjeras y domésticas exportadoras utilizando datos de sección cruzada a nivel de empresa para la industria manufacturera en Colombia. Entre los principales hallazgos están: (i) el esfuerzo realizado por las empresas exportadoras y las subsidiarias extranjeras en actividades de innovación favorece la obtención de innovaciones tanto en productos como en procesos. Sin embargo difieren tanto en el nivel de los rendimientos de la inversión obtenidos por la inversión en innovación como en el tipo de actividad innovadora en que se basa la producción de innovaciones; (ii) tan sólo la innovación en producto tiene un impacto positivo en la productividad, en especial cuando la producción de innovaciones está relacionada con la ejecución de actividades de I+D y (iii) entre las principales variables con efectos relevantes sobre la innovación en las empresas internacionalizadas están las barreras financieras, la disponibilidad de recursos humanos, la protección de innovaciones, la cooperación, en especial, en la cadena de producción, y en el caso específico de las subsidiarias su posición en el grupo multinacional. Palabras claves: Innovación, productividad, internacionalización, subsidiarias extranjeras, empresas exportadoras. JEL: O31, O32, O38. ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the determinants of innovation and productivity in foreign subsidiaries and national exporters firms, using cross-sectional data at firm level for the industry in Colombia. The major findings suggest that: (i) the effort made by export companies and foreign subsidiaries in innovation activities favours the obtaining of innovations in both product and process. However, they differ in the level of investment returns and the type of innovation activities in which is based the knowledge production; (ii) only product innovation has a positive impact on productivity, especially when it is the result of the implementation of R&D activities and (iii) the main factors that affect innovation in exporting companies and foreign subsidiaries are financial barriers, levels of human resources, protection of innovations, cooperation with clients and suppliers and, specifically, in foreign subsidiaries their position in the multinational group.

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“…But, the most affected ones are the developing countries. These have been investigated in a number of ways such as in the Journal Of International Management Isabel Alvarez, Raquel Marin [6] came up with the study that "The ability to adapt developed technology in a different place (mechanism more typical of least-developed countries) and their effort to innovate are important factors for competitiveness shifts". Whereas Selma KURTISHI -KASTRATI came up with the idea that "The net benefits from FDI do not grow automatically, and their importance differs according to the host country and condition [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Information Systems and Technology on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries

Arain¹,

Han²,

Zhang³

2017

IJEEEE

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This paper investigates the effects of new information systems and technology on the Foreign Direct Investment in developing countries. It uses the classifications of macroeconomic levels in different developmental countries to determine the effects via employment, GDP, literacy rate etc. of a country. Creation of technology and its acceptance are some of the major processes in the development of a country's economy. Five different developing countries are the main focus of this study i-e: Qatar, India, China, Russia, and Brazil. Data were collected for 1996 -2016.The results of the study indicate that the factors were greatly influenced as the integration of FDI along with multinationals became popular. The infrastructure and industrial development in the countries boomed. But, lesser people got employment opportunities despite the introduction of new technology. It was found that, in the above mentioned countries, FDI results in improvement in resources such as capital, managerial skills and technology. It improves balance of payment and also provides job opportunities for the locals.

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Entry modes and national systems of innovation

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

On the Contributions of Knowledge-Intensive Business-Services Multinationals to Laggard Innovation Systems

On the Contributions of Knowledge-Intensive Business-Services Multinationals to Laggard Innovation Systems

Determinantes De La Innovación Y La Productividad en Las Subsidiarias Extranjeras Y Las Empresas Exportadoras en La Industria en Colombia

Effects of Information Systems and Technology on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries

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