Entry of adult T-cell leukemia-associated virus into human peripheral blood leukocytes

Abstract

Within 10 minutes after tritium-labeled adult T-cell leukemia-associated virus (ATLV) inoculation, silver grains were found over human lymphocytes. At the time of entry of ATLV, the viral envelope was observed to fuse with the cell membrane.

Entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into MT-2, human T cell leukemia virus carrier cell line

“…Dales and Hanafusa [5] showed by a combination of electronmicroscopy, autoradiography and biochemical procedures that avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses penetrated chick embryofibroblasts by viropexis or endocytosis at 37 °C after adsorption at a low temperature. Recently, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/adult T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I/ATLV) was demonstrated to enter human peripheral blood leukocytes by fusion of its viral envelope with the cell membrane [11]. The present observations with HIV suggest two modes of entry, membrane fusion and endocytosis.…”

“…Immunolocalization suggests that HIV spikes consist of gp 120 [9]. Three modes have been described for the later stages of retroviral cell entry: (a) direct penetration of the plasma membrane [24], (b) endocytosis or viropexis [5], and (c) membrane fusion [11]. An example of the first is Rauscher leukemia virus, which moves directly through the plasma membrane by dissolution of the viral envelope and cell membrane 1-24].…”

“…The human T-cell lines MT-2 and MT-4, when infected with HIV, developed rapid cytopathic and cytotoxic effects [12]. Retroviral cell 30 T. Goto et al entry mechanisms have been reported for h u m a n T-cell lymphotropic virus type I ( H T L V -I ) / a d u l t T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) [11] and other retroviruses [5,24,34]. In this study, we examined the interaction o f h u m a n i m m u n o d eficiency virus with C D 4 + HTLV-I-carrying M T -2 cells by electron microscopy to elucidate the infection mechanism o f the HIV.…”