2014
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.059477-0
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Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets

Abstract: Influenza virus is a major human pathogen that causes annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Moreover, the virus causes outbreaks in poultry and other animals, such as pigs, requiring costly and laborious countermeasures. Therefore, influenza virus has a substantial impact on health and the global economy. Here, we review entry of this important pathogen into target cells, an essential process by which viral genomes are delivered from extracellular virions to sites of transcription/replication in the cell … Show more

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Cited by 193 publications
(155 citation statements)
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References 173 publications
(202 reference statements)
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“…The fusion of the viral and host cell membranes is mediated by hemagglutinin, a class I trimeric fusion protein. Viral entry is initiated by the virus binding to host-cell receptors via an interaction with a subdomain of the hemagglutinin and followed by cellular uptake into an endosomal compartment [12]. The low-pH environment of the matured endosome initiates a conformational change in the hemagglutinin structure causing it to extend and insert a hydrophobic N-terminal peptide into the target membrane.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fusion of the viral and host cell membranes is mediated by hemagglutinin, a class I trimeric fusion protein. Viral entry is initiated by the virus binding to host-cell receptors via an interaction with a subdomain of the hemagglutinin and followed by cellular uptake into an endosomal compartment [12]. The low-pH environment of the matured endosome initiates a conformational change in the hemagglutinin structure causing it to extend and insert a hydrophobic N-terminal peptide into the target membrane.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, temperature-sensitive mutations and anti-interferon actions provide the foundation for influenza virus vaccine development (39,40). In addition, the cell entry mechanism of influenza virus has been suggested to be a potent antiviral target (41)(42)(43). This and many other examples highlight the medical importance of characterization of viral genetic elements.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Approximately 0.18%-0.21% of the amino acids in IAVs proteins mutate every year due to the error-prone nature of viral RNA-polymerase [20]. Some of these mutations cause antigenic drift, which allows emerging viruses to evade host immunity developed from previous IAV infections/vaccinations or drug treatment.…”
Section: Iav Structure and Replication Cyclementioning
confidence: 99%